演讲稿关于美国

『壹』 大国崛起美国篇 演讲稿

美国真正的崛起之迷
美国早在是英国殖民地时就对教育非常重视，到1775年，英属个殖民地人口不过260万，但已仿效英国牛津、剑桥等大学创办了哈佛、耶鲁等9所学院，教育环境甚至都强过今天的北京市。 殖民地时期的初等教育相当发达。北部几个殖民地以麻省(Massachusetts)为代表，特别重视普及教育，当局曾于1647年发布法令，规定市镇中只要有50户居民就应设立一所小学，于是市镇学校在北部兴起。这种由地方当局办理、干预教育的做法，超过了其宗主国--英国的教会办学的方针，一举奠定国民素质的优势！
在这个世界，凡是受过教育的人几乎没有人不知道美国的《独立宣言》：“人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们一些不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。”当我们热血沸腾地听着这人类史上最伟大的声音的时候，请不要忘了美国还有一个伟大之处，那就是《宪法》所标榜的以教育培养国家公民。为了普及教育，他们先是采用了英国的兰卡斯特导生制。1818年兰卡斯特本人还应邀到美国宣讲导生制。英国式的教育不能满足这个新国家对教育的要求。1843年，贺拉斯· 曼(Horace Mann,当时任麻省教育厅长)考察德国，才引进了当时普鲁士的教学制度，同时大力宣传卢梭、裴斯塔洛齐等欧洲教育家的思想，美国各地的小学遂开始采用西欧最先进的教学制度。
南北战争以后，美国高等教育的发展步伐迈得更快，这期间新成立的大专院校就有二百余所! 它一面学习当时欧洲重视学术的样板——柏林大学，于1876年创设约翰·霍普金斯大学，建立大学研究院，致力高深的学术研究；一面根据国会于1861年、1890年所通过的二个《摩雷尔法》，由国会拨地、拨款资助各州大办农(业)工(艺)学院，很快培养出大批适合工农业发展需要的专门人才，当今举世闻名的麻省理工学院、康奈尔大学由此而来。工农学院初办时，由于众多贫苦学生求学其中，曾被讥为"牧牛娃学院"，在高等教育的"平民化"方面大大领先于欧洲。事实证明，穷人的对财富的渴望远远高过富人子弟！这就为美国造就了一批敢于冒险和创新的高知识人才，当他们对财富的渴望的欲火被点起，那就是火山，那就是海啸，那就是第二次工业革命的高潮！
南北战争以后，公立中学本来是兼顾学生升学与就业两方面要求的4年制综合中学，由于此时学生逐年猛增，准备升学者日少而准备就业的日众，所以逐渐以职业准备为主要职责，课程随之发生变化，加强自然科学和实用科目，这是美国中学的显著特点。公立中学逐渐以职业准备为主要职责，课程随之发生变化，加强自然科学和实用科目，这是美国中学的显著特点。不仅如此，1880年麻省理工学院创办了工业中学，1888年明尼苏达州首创农业中学，此后各种职业中学不断大量涌现。欧洲人由于世俗观念而不喜欢职业中学，以"生来平等"为信念的美国人则没有这种历史包袱。职业中学造就了一批实业家和发明家，第一架飞机的发明家莱特兄弟就是他们中的一员。
据统计，1870-1940年，美国人口增加了3倍，而中学生则增加了90倍。当时的口号是："中等教育为所有适龄青年敞开大门"，到1918年时美国高中已发展到2万多所，而12亿人口大国的中国到1998年才有1万多一点的高中。由此可见，美国的高效率、高技术、高产出靠的是科技，靠的是先进的教育。今天，美国基础教育的方法在杜威式教育法的基础上几经改进，教育的口号是："不让一个孩子掉队"，各州都将40%的税收用于教育。上世纪80年代垄断着大约70%左右的专利发明，70%以上的诺贝尔自然科学奖，奥运会奖牌总数第一。
“2061计划"是美国促进科学协会联合美国科学院、联邦教育部等12个机构于1985年启动的一项面向21世纪、致力于科学知识普及的中小学课程改革工程，它代表着美国基础教育课程和教学改革的趋势。为此计划，美国动员了800多位科学家、企业家、大中小学教师和教育工作者参与了这项再造青少年智慧的宏大工程。他们总结战后科学、数学和技术领域的深刻变革和未来发展趋势，汲取美国80年代以来教育改革的成果，打造21世纪新的美国人。
一个居安思危的国家才有资格谈论谁是第一！
大国的崛起靠的是科技，国与国之间的较量说到底就是国民素质的较量，是人才的较量。不客气地说，中国由于难以接受别人的教育思想，国民整体素质与发达国家的相比都不是一个等级。英国历史学家汤因比研究过21种在历史上曾经出现过，后来相继消亡的文明。结论是这些文明死亡的原因，无一例外，都不是他杀，而是自杀。他们失去了创新的活力，被历史淘汰出局。
1876年，美国庆祝独立100周年的时候，在费城举办国际博览会，有37个国家参展，当时清政府也派出了展览团。在这次博览会上，英国展出最新的蒸汽机车，美国展出大功率电动机和发电机，德国展出加工枪炮的精密机床，中国展出的是纯银打制的27套件耳挖勺和小脚绣花鞋。
这是就是时代的差距！

『贰』 求一篇关于美国名人的英语演讲稿，急！

【一定要给悬赏哦，不是总统的。。。】我有一个梦想(I Have a Dream) 1963年8月23日，马丁·路德·金组织了美国历史上影响深远的“自由进军”运动。他率领一支庞大的游行队伍向首都华盛顿进军，为全美国的黑人争取人权。他在林肯纪念堂前向25万人发表了著名的演说《我有一个梦想》，为反对种族歧视、争取平等发出呼号。马丁·路德·金1964年获诺贝尔和平奖。1968年4月4日他在田纳西州被暗杀。

在演说中，他说出了著名的平等口号：

我梦想有一天，这个国家将会奋起，实现其立国信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理不证自明：人人生而平等。”
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将生活在一个不是以肤色的深浅，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

演讲全文：I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King, Jr.

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of graalism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.

We cannot walk alone.

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.

We cannot turn back.

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."?
This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.

With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.

Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,

From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of
Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

But not only that:

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

Free at last! free at last!

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

『叁』 3分钟演讲稿,关于美国

美利坚合众国（英语：United States of America），简称美国，旧称花旗国，是由50个州和一个联邦地区组成的联邦立宪制共和国。美国本土位于北美洲中部，东濒大西洋，西滨太平洋，北靠加拿大，南接墨西哥及墨西哥湾；首都华盛顿哥伦比亚特区与除夏威夷州和阿拉斯加州之外的48个州都位于美国本土。阿拉斯加州位于北美大陆西北方，东接加拿大，西隔白令海峡与俄罗斯隔海相望。夏威夷州则是太平洋中部的群岛。此外，美国在加勒比海和太平洋还拥有多处领土和岛屿地区。美国源自于1776年脱离英国统治的北美殖民地，13州的殖民地代表一同发表了《美国独立宣言》，在经历艰苦的独立战争后，于1783年与英国签订了《巴黎条约》，从此受到世界各国的承认。
经过两百多年的发展，美国国土不断拓展，37个州陆续加入联邦旗下。目前有50个州，1个联邦直辖特区，以及若干境外领土。国土面积超过962万平方公里，国土面积位居世界第三或第四名（领土排名争议参见地理一节）。美国人口约3亿人，其数量为世界第三，民族多元，以白人为主，有大量移民人口。美国国旗上的50颗白色星星代表50个州；每当有新州加入联邦时，美国国旗会在次年的独立日（7月4日）时增加一颗星。[2]国旗上红色及白色横条各为7条及6条，总计13条，纪念最初独立的13个州。[3]
建国200多年以来，美国曾经历过南北战争（1861－1865年）和大萧条（1930年代）两次严酷考验，[4]仍坚守自由民主制政治制度，成为宪法民主和公民自由的代表性国家。美国庞大的经济、文化、科技和军事影响力贯穿了整个20世纪。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中，美国和其他同盟国一同获得胜利，并经历数十年的冷战后，终于拖垮苏联，成为现今世界上唯一的超级大国[5]。当今美国在全世界的经济发展、政治实力、科技创新、军事技术力量等众多领域的庞大影响力都是无他国能比拟的。

The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with about 308 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest both by land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the proct of large-scale immigration from many countries.[7] The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic proct (GDP) of US $14.4 trillion (a quarter of nominal global GDP and a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity).[4][8]
Indigenous peoples, probably of Asian origin, have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.[9] The Philadelphia Convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and instrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the world's largest.[10] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for two-fifths of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.

『肆』 用英语介绍美国食物的演讲稿

American Food

"You are what you eat."Nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating habits.What we put in our mouths does become a part of us.But we can look at this statement another way.What we eat reflects who we are--as people and as a culture.Do you want to understand another culture?Then you ought to find out about its food.Learning about American food can give us a real taste of American culture.

"你吃什么就成为什么样子"营养专家经常使用这句话来倡导更好的饮食习惯，入嘴的东西确实成为我们的一部分．但我们也可以从另一个角度来看这句话，我们所吃的反映出我们自己－－不论就人或文化而言．你想了解另一种文化吗？那么你应该去认识他们的食物．认识美国食物可以让我们得知美国文化的精髓。

What is "American food"?At first you might think the answer is easy as pie.To many people,American food means hamburgers,hot dogs,fried chicken and pizza.If you have a "sweet tooth,"you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies.It's true that Americans do eat those things.But are those the only kind of vittles you can find in America?

何谓「美式食物」？乍听之下你可能认为答案容易得很。对许多人而言，美式食物就是汉堡、热狗、炸鸡和披萨。如果你是好吃甜食的人，你可能会想到苹果派或巧克力片饼干。美国人确实吃这些东西，但这些就是你在美国唯一找得到的食物吗？

Except for Thanksgiving turkey,it's hard to find a typically "American"food.The United States is a land of immigrants.So Americans eat food from many different countries.When people move to America,they bring their cooking styles with them.That's why you can find almost every kind of ethnic food in America.In some cases,Americans have adopted foods from other countries as favorites.Americans love Italian pizza,Mexican tacos and Chinese egg rolls.But the American version doesn't taste quite like the original!

除了感恩节火鸡以外，挺难找到典型的美国食物。美国是个移民之地，所以美国人吃的食物来自许多不同的国家，当人们移居美国，他们也将自己的烹调带了进来。那也就是为什么在美国你几乎可以看到所有不同民族的食物。在某些情况中，美国人把外国的食物视为最爱。美国人喜爱意大利的披萨，墨西哥的玉米饼和中国的春卷，但是这些东西的美国版味道却不很道地！

As with any large country,the U.S.A has several distinct regions.Each region boasts its own special style of food.Visit the South and enjoy country-style cooking.Journey through Louisiana for some spicy Cajun cuisine.Take a trip to New England and sample savory seafood dishes.Travel through the Midwest,"the breadbasket of the nation,"for delicious baked goods.Cruise over to the Southwest and try some tasty Tex-Mex treats.Finish your food tour in the Pacific Northwest with some gourmet coffee.

和许多大国一样，美国有数个截然不同的地区，每个地区都以自己特有的食物夸口。走访美国南部享受乡村式的烹调；到路易斯安纳州品尝辛辣的凯郡式料理；走一趟新英格兰试尝它美味的海鲜；再到中西部「美国的面包之乡」品尝可口的烘培食品；乘船游览至西南部尝试一些好吃的墨式德州小吃，最后到太平洋西北岸，啜饮美食家的咖啡，作为美食之旅的句点。

Americans living at a fast pace often just "grab a quick bite."Fast food restaurants offer people on the run everything from fried chicken to fried rice.Microwave dinners and instant foods make cooking at home a snap.Of course,one of the most common quick American meals is a sandwich.If it can fit between two slices of bread,Americans probably make a sandwich out of it.Peanut butter and jelly is an all-time American favorite.

生活在快速步调之下的美国人通常只能「很快地吃几口」。快餐店提供赶时间的人各种食物，从炸鸡到炒饭，应有尽有。微波炉晚餐和实时餐点使得在家烧饭省事又快速。当然，最平常的美式速餐之一就是三明治。任何能夹在两片土司中间的东西，美国人就可以把它作成一份三明治，花生酱和果酱更是一直都深受美国人的喜爱。

Americans on the go also tend to eat a lot of "junk food."Potato chips,candy bars,soft drinks and other goodies are popular treats.Many people eat too many of these unhealthy snacks.But others opt for more healthy eating habits.Some even go "all natural."They refuse to eat any food prepared with chemicals or additives.

忙碌的美国人也趋向于吃一大堆「垃圾食物」。洋芋片、糖果、汽水和其它好吃的东西都颇受欢迎。许多人吃了太多这类不健康的零嘴，但是其它人则选择较健康的饮食习惯，有些人甚至选择「全天然」的食物，他们拒绝吃任何有化学制品或添加物的食物。

『伍』 急求一篇英文的演讲稿，要求四分钟左右，话题关于美国的家庭或者是美国的教育。

my family
Dear teachers and classmate:

Today,my topic is: "my family" .

My family has three people, my father, my mother and me. My mom and dad are all teachers. Dad teaching in elementary school mathematics teaching in junior middle school chemistry.And mom, I am a pupil in jinsha small read six class 1, grade. My mom and dad to me is very strict, they asked me no matter what, be sure to try my best to do it well, I know, it is good to me, because they love me,

Mom and dad will give I every time go out with delicious and fun, I also want to give them something, I told them, I want to save money buying them gifts, but they said: "as long as you study hard, exam one hundred to us, is the best gift!" They often help me speak many interesting topic, I also often tell jokes amused fun with them.

You look! My father, mother and I formed a how happy family! Hope worldwide child could like me, have a can accompany them through a happy childhood happiness family!

That's all.Thank you listening my speech

『陆』 求一篇关于美国历史的英语演讲稿

现代世界的体育活动集中在三个首都:柏林、斯德哥尔摩和伦敦。从那里分别产生出三个体系,都是以古代社会的普及观念为基础,影响远至其他地区。这些古代观念在中世纪和文艺复兴时期被人们自觉不自觉地继承下来

,可以用三个词来概括:战争、卫生和体育。下面,请允许我简述其特点,介绍它们在现代的发展过程,并在最后描述一下法国参与这个重要运动的状况。对于这个运动,人们恰当地称之为:体育的复兴。

一

我们所处的这个世纪,如此悲剧性地开始,又在当今一种动荡不安的和平之中行将结束,延续了一个智力活动极其丰富而体育锻炼确实贫乏的世纪。或许有必要从这个巨大反差中寻找那些不平衡的根本原因,但这不是我们的任务。我们只是注意到,18世纪末各地不再进行剧烈运动和男士们的竞技活动,人们去别处寻找消遣与快乐。从这个角度看,英国那里的状况尤其令人惊讶。人们不再像处在都铎王朝时代(注1)那样充分享受户外活动,不再陶醉于大自然之中,那时候托马斯?阿诺德(注2)和其他田径教育的创始人尚未出现。要不是拿破仑前去像北风阻止冰雪消融般地巩固了大不列颠,英国人的民族特性就不会如此鲜明,他们身上混合着的天生粗暴与萎靡不振,很可能是衰颓的前兆。在法国,网球场荒废了,人们在里面交换誓言(注3),而不是在打球。一个时代远离而去:那时候每个星期天下午,德?古贝维尔老爷在科唐坦(注4)的沙滩上打球,身边围着一群周边村庄的健壮小伙子;在一个又一个乡村教区,人们热衷于传统的角斗和摔跤活动,西梅翁?路切先生查阅到的羊皮手稿中描述了这些情景。那时候,阿弗朗什(注5)的教士们每年都在宗教节庆期间,成群结队来到沙滩上痛快地打一阵曲棍球。所有这一切在督政时期都消失了。曾几何时,带着对古希腊的怀念,督政府(注6)希望在巴黎的战神广场上组织某些能够使人想起古代奥林匹克运动会的活动,但缺少一个必须具备的因素:竞赛者。总是会有人来参赛,像小孩儿们那样来到热闹的大市场,争先恐后爬上挂有奖品的彩杆,为了赢取传统的羊腿或者甜烧酒。然而,这些活动不足以形成运动会,缺少一个体育俱乐部和一个法国体育场来组织支撑,督政府举办的赛跑活动实际上是昙花一现,也就是持续了一个早晨。

事实上,与此同时,在我们的边境,甚至在边境以外更遥远的地方,在金字塔脚下,在多瑙河边,在西班牙,在莫斯科克里姆林宫的大墙下,法兰西的战士们历经长达20年勇猛而悲壮的战争史诗,向世界展示了前所未闻的、最卓越的强健实力。在这短短一段时间里,他们耗尽了整个民族几个世纪积聚起来的力量。战士们倾洒的鲜血,是那些打网球人和德?古贝维尔老爷的鲜血,决不是懦弱者的,也不是摄政时期(注7)那些放荡者的,这是法兰西的热血,在城市变得污浊,在乡村依然纯净。

还有,先生们,你们知道我们战士是怎么样的吧,在他们用尽最后力气的时候,居然还会生出新的力量!

啊!在这长年累月英勇征战之后,法兰西是多么需要休养生息呵,上帝!我们是多么理解,为何人们不去锻炼疲倦的肌肉,却玩起了多米诺骨牌游戏。法兰西就是这样沉浸在胜利之后,陷入酣睡。然而在她旁边,一种阴沉、彻底、可怕的失败却唤醒了一些人的能量,他们为建立那个诸位所知道的目标——德意志帝国而疯狂努力。于是,在柏林产生了军事田径运动。

在我们国家,人们常说1866年(注8)和1870年战役(注9)的真正胜利者是小学教师。如果说正是因为这个信念,使得我们国内到处都在快速发展小学校和公共教育,我们感谢这个信念。但是,我认为人们过多地关注了小学教师,而有些忘记了他的同事:体育教师。

先生们,耶拿战役(注10)后不久出现了许多德国体操的狂热信徒,炽情传布其作用。随后,越来越多的信奉者遵从德国体操的戒律,在操练中追求动作孔武有力,用一句话概括,其本质是军事性的。在德国直至昨天到处还是:等级关系、服从和准确度。小学生从小就必须知道自己在队列中的位置,眼睛围着一个上级转,等着接受他的命令。中学生时代,他们继续保持肌肉灵活和意志的顺从,以便随时听从召唤。因为这是德国体操的目的,很容易就可以看出,这样一种理念带来了什么样的品质和缺陷。上了大学,德国青年最大的乐趣就是与同学们打斗,面部刀痕成为引以自豪的标志。生活中的最小细节也显出高度一致,这种严密规定好像还能带来一种英国人和法国人都无法理解的内心喜悦。直到今天,只要经过一所德国大学,参加一次德国大学生的集会,就可以看到,一声令下,所有人都会把杯中酒全部喝干。由此可以了解,狂热崇尚纪律对这个伟大民族的影响。在本世纪,德国举国上下都弥漫着军国主义气息,一些社会主义者在组建革命政党时也带进几分军国主义色彩。

我刚才说过,德国体操追求动作孔武有力,讲究力度与能量。仅仅在这个条件下才是有效的。然而,为了保持这个能量,体操运动员们必须经常地处于好战的影响之下。战争念头必须一直不断地激励他们,一旦德国脱离了这个念头,无数的体操团体就会很快改变。事实上,在德国领土的一些地方,真正的体育运动已经产生,这正是20年来国内外和平带来的结果。年轻的运动员开始考虑为增强他们自己的体质而努力,不再顾忌那些或远或近的目标。如果他要跨栏,他就会使自己尽可能轻巧,尽可能跳得更高。然而在战场上,腿与胳膊不能赤裸,也不可能只穿一件贴身内衣。这时候的体操运动员,很少去关心如何完成一项田径壮举,想得更多的是怎样带着武器背包敏捷地跨越障碍。同样,当他们不再受到军事服役前程的鼓动,整体动作就会迟缓,身手无力,几乎是草草而为,缺乏灵魂。同样的,分组跑步解体,跑步者重新获得个性。他们不再关心步伐是否整齐一致,而是谁跑得更快,谁第一个到达终点。

从身体锻炼的角度来看,德国体操是矫揉造作的;它所练习的内容并无存在的理由,极不自然,只有向人们许诺某种伟大崇高的目标,才有可能使人感兴趣并且接受这些训练。先生们,这是它的成功;但是到了明天,这大概会导致它的衰落。

然而,德国体操已经有了众多追随者,成立了许多团体,包括在美洲和澳大利亚,暂且不说我们接下来还会提到的法国。英国人环游世界喜欢带上一副网球拍子和一本《圣经》,这两样东西,他们从不离身。德国人移居国外则喜欢带上酸菜和体操。诸位都知道德国移民在美国人数众多,最近发生的一些事情足以引起关注,假如我是美国公民,我会认为这对国家是一个危险。不过,美国的德国人强烈崇拜欧洲的德国人。在美国这片自由的国土上安居乐业,与他们古老的祖国远隔重洋,不断歌颂他们曾经不能忍受的枷锁,骄傲地高呼皇帝的名字,梦想通过语言与习俗使新大陆的一大部分地区日尔曼化,他们在那里生活,却从不想返回祖国。他们还为孩子们建立了许多体操团体,模仿古老祖国的做法,在那里称之为“健身教育”的混乱体系中,建立起完全是清一色的另一套安排。

诸位也许会对我说,这种体操缺乏我刚才指出的那些使它成功的必要条件:军事目的与战场前景。先生们,请不要这么想,你们习惯看到的只是6900万居民中的商人、企业家、生意人,但还存在着一个思考的美国,一个科学的美国,也还存在着一个军事的美国。虽然,从物质上讲,南北战争的痕迹已经消失,可是精神上的创伤依然清晰可见,这场巨大的战争在美国人心理上造成的震荡一直延续到了今天。我要宣告,美国公民的爱国主义精神是我所知道的最为强大、最令人赞叹的之一,可以寄予一切期望。

然而,美国西点军校很久以来始终遵照法国的军事传统,培养出了一批精英力量,这就是联邦军队的军官们。现在,每个州都拥有自己的民兵部队,如果将这些部队视为没有多少价值的国民自卫队,那就大错特错了。我没有时间、也没有能力来详细研究其运作情况,但我可以提请大家注意三个事实:参军的人数、完善的武器与装备,以及在宾夕法尼亚州(注11)刚刚表现的卓越动员能力。当然,动员的时机不是有利的,事先毫无准备,并不是对抗外敌,而是要在一次流血的罢工事件中维持秩序。在24小时之内,这些商人、生意人放下了手中的一切,第25个小时,他们已经人人手持武器出现在指定地点。这些民兵部队大多数是以德国方式统领和组织起来的。他们表现了一种奇特混合:既有英国式自愿的公民道德,又有德国军人严从纪律的精神。美国人正在重建他们的作战海军,一旦完成这项任务,他们的敢作敢为很快便会转变成征服精神。我相信,未来的华盛顿政府将是一个轻易开炮的政府(注12)。由于以上种种原因,衰弱并且消失在施普雷河岸(注13)的军事体操,将在密西西比河岸(注14)重新找到权威者和追随者。总而言之,机会是有的,在需要实现重大理想的时候,在需要报仇雪恨的时候,或者在需要废除奴隶制度的时候,它很可能重新出现苗头。

在澳大利亚,德国移民的人数非常少,几乎可以忽略不提。但那里也产生了几个团体。尽管这些团体的军国主义没有美国那么普遍与好斗,却不是没有引起公众的忧虑。难道还需要向诸位提起澳大利亚一些首府出现的骚乱、萨摩亚群岛(注15)和新赫布里底(注16)的事端,以及舆论要求不久后占领新喀里多尼亚岛(注17)的强烈愿望,还有,新南威尔士州(注18)派遣民兵部队去支持苏丹的英国人?

我似乎是放弃了体育而在研究外交问题。事实上,我只是在强调这个重要的社会法规,这就是,一个民族的精神、志向和习俗,直接影响着这个民族对体育运动的理解和所采用的组织方式,其间存在着密切联系。

二

先生们,这是德国的实际情况,也是瑞典的实际情况。从德国体操转向瑞典体操,好像是听完一部英雄交响乐之后再听一部田园交响乐。瑞典是一个幸福的民族,历史短,近百年来致力于平和地开展一种有益于全民身心的滑冰活动,以及一项初看起来较为平缓的独特体操,人们以其发明者命名,称之为林格体操。

我赶紧要说,在林格体操和滑冰之间,滑冰更加是识别瑞典人的标志;他们的良好健康,这种身心的美妙平衡,这种安宁的心境,这种均匀的气息,带给他们生命的活力。他们认为应当感谢那位高明的滑冰创造者,而我则毫不犹豫地将之归功于在北方平坦冰面上的飞速滑行,归功于冰冷的空气,归功于斯堪的纳维亚半岛(注19)冬季有益于健康的快乐。

这并不是说,同样在德国、伦敦和纽约一些地区开始腼腆推行的瑞典体操没有什么价值。我们的一位朋友,我可以说,我们一位杰出的朋友拉格朗日博士,我们联盟的顾问,曾经亲临现场研究瑞典体操,《两个世界》杂志的读者获得了他对斯德哥尔摩学院的印象。他写道:“瑞典体操,是体弱者的体操。”确实是,这就是我们不愿意接受这类体操的原因。瑞典体操动作缓慢,适合老年人,也适合娇弱的孩子。由于具有科学作用,还适用于病人。拉格朗日先生感兴趣并且着迷的,主要是它的医疗方面。他写道,法国的医生去斯德哥尔摩研究,面对的是如此新颖的事物,他在一些公共或民间的“学院”中看到的形体动作如此多样,最初感到困惑不解。渐渐地,他的脑海中出现了清晰的思路:归纳分类这些灵巧动作的过程,认识到其实质可以概括出两个结果:对锻炼进行定量,对动作进行定位。这给人们带来一个大胆理念,这个医疗体操的基础是建立在对肌肉系统特有而深入的研究之上。我是说医疗作用是通过锻炼以及与之相关的一些按摩来实现的,甚至可以医治一些心脏疾病,疗效出色,半个多世纪以来瑞典人不停地到这些学院去寻找健康途径,只有疗效这一点值得人们去关注瑞典体操。然而,体育锻炼的爱好者通常不是病人。我们面对的主要是健康人。瑞典体操关注小孩儿,尤其是他们处在令人担心出现身体问题的年龄阶段;也适合病人,并为老年人提供适合他们体力的锻炼动作,这一切都很好。但是,在年轻人的世界里没有威力,年轻人需要的正是它所放弃的:力量与竞争。在瑞典体操中,力量的获得是通过动作幅度而不是通过力度,人们慢慢地感受,从来不急躁。至于竞争,瑞典体操的一个信条是,人与人之间不能进行相比,人只能与自己比较。

如果让我们年轻运动员放弃努力和竞争,那就应该首先抽掉他们血管中的血:只要还有一滴鲜血,他们就不会放弃,这就是我的回答。事实上,如果给他们同样的告诫,那就是嘲讽他们。这很容易让人想到沙姆的漫画:一位母亲把她的小女孩放在杜乐丽公园(注20),嘱咐她说:“好好玩吧,我的孩子,但你千万别着凉,也别受热,不要弄皱裙子,不要弄脏靴子,不要弄乱头发,也不要弄散领结。”

在瑞典,也有一批改革者致力于瑞典体操的“男性化”,如果我可以这么说的话。人们既愤怒又好奇地看着他们,革新者们总是到处引起人们的注意,占几天上风。一旦瑞典体操的目标不仅仅是面对病人和体弱者,我看不到谁能够阻止它遍及世界,我本人也不反对帮助它在全球推广。

三

先生们,我们在这次会议的开始就已经看到,有些人以为英国人根深蒂固地热衷锻炼身体,这种爱好从来没有衰退过,这么想完全错了。他们想当然地以为自己所看到的就是一直存在着的,认为英国没有体育运动就是不合逻辑。然而,这种不合逻辑在整个上世纪末和本世纪初都是存在着的。那时候,民间体育衰落了,大土地私有者出现,导致对狩猎权利的独占,剥夺了乡村小资产阶级最喜爱的活动。虽然到处仍可看到一些拳击手在搏击,或是在泰晤士河上举行划船比赛,但那是专业人士之间为了让观众掏更多钱打赌。这不是体育,也不是竞技运动。当时的英国只有两种消遣:诚实或者不诚实地经营生意,半醉或者烂醉地饮酒作乐。中学是社会的一个缩影,没有团结精神,老师们麻木不仁,学生则是力大为王。人们肯定无法料想,这样一种粗俗不健全的学校机制,教育家凭其才干居然能够培养出那样的精细和优雅。因此,我在这里要说的正与法国盛行的这种偏见相反,在世界上,对于年轻人,没有比现在英国的教育体系更加细腻、更加优雅、更加温情,一些表面现象是会误导人的。

先生们,英国的田径运动仅仅始于昨天,今天已经风靡全球。还没有人撰写这个庞大运动的历史,但是人们很清楚其中的主要脉络。牧师金斯利和他弟子们的事迹距今并不遥远,他们的名字还未被遗忘:60年足以完成这个令人难以置信的转变。最初的推动者只是想为自己带来健康和快乐,并不关心建立门户学派。然而他们很有远见,哲学光芒环绕着他们:对希腊的回忆,对斯多葛派(注21)传统的尊重,以及田径运动可以为现代人类带来益处的这种清晰理念很快引起了他们的注意。人们嘲笑他们,但是这些嘲笑丝毫没有使他们气馁。当运动发展到了相当的规模,他们更是遭到了疯狂而猛烈的攻击。但是,他们的事业已经赢得了青年们的支持。牛津大学和剑桥大学开始与他们合作,因为他们从中找到了一种伟大振兴的根源,一种极为需要的净化力量。同时,托马斯?阿诺尔德这位伟大的公民、英国教育的领袖与模范,为田径运动在教育中的作用列出细则。这项事业很快获得了人们的认同,赢得成功。在英国,到处出现了体育场所。各种体育团体的数量大大增加,多得你们都无法猜出它们的数字。伦敦就有一大批,不是在贵族区,而是在穷人和平民街区。每个村庄都有一个或两个团体,尽管英国法律没有为儿童健身教育做过什么,民间发起的活动却给予了足够的弥补。接着,英国人的后代离开自己国土时带走了他们的宝贵经验,田径运动在两个半球各种各样的气候中蓬勃发展起来。

在美国,确切地说在浪漫主义危机之后,我们想知道那里发展成什么样子,1889年围绕着纪念法国大革命100周年举办了万国博览会的一系列会议,我们乘着其中一个会议的东风,向所有英国殖民地与英语国家发放了7000多份有关体育运动、体育对教育的影响及其发展的调查问卷。这个发展从来没有停止过,所有的问卷答案一致向我们证明了不断上升的田径运动已经有了巨大规模,50年的经验仅仅是普遍证实了阿诺尔德和金斯利学说的正确。以美国这个重视数字的国家为例,萨金特博士(此领域的一个权威)估计,在建立运动场、健身厅或者制造运动器械方面的投资,1860年至1870年为100万美元,1870年至1880年是250万美元,1880年至1890年则高达2500万美元,总共投入了2850万美元。

在澳大利亚、开普敦、牙买加、香港、印度,一些俱乐部的年鉴和田径运动的组织规则都在表明,一股体育热潮正在掀起。我估计,尽管我得到的统计数据很不完整,我还是要说明,大约有600万人在参与,而这只是计算了在正规团体登记的成年积极活动者。我还没有把比利时和荷兰计算在内,那里的体育运动每天都吸引着众多人参与,也没有把那些体育爱好者团体孤立存在的国家计算在内。

一种关心帮助体育界的专业刊物诞生了,无数报刊应运而生。芝加哥举行的一场棒球比赛,或是帕拉马塔河上(注22)的一场划船角逐,其输赢结果都可以传遍全世界,占据泰晤士报的重要版位。而40年前,泰晤士报还只是在一个小角落里腼腆地报道牛津与剑桥之间的首次赛跑活动。在一些重大赛事的日子里,生意停止了,办公室空了,人们像从前古希腊人那样停下手中的工作,朝着从身边跑过的青年人鼓劲儿加油。

先生们,年轻人现在正从我们身边跑过,他们的优点在于只是从自身力量中寻求力量、自觉服从各种规则、主动接受一套纪律,由于是自愿,所以效率倍增。人们想着战争很崇高、很壮丽,但是思考卫生保健则更值得称颂,然而,最完美的人性是努力遵循公平、喜爱艰难事业、勇于挑战困难,如此而已。

以上是普遍意义的体育哲学,特别是我们联盟的哲学。

四

先生们,1886年法国参与体育运动的状况并不像有些人认为的那样糟糕。我不提那位正直善良的阿莫罗斯上校(注23)了,他本人当然有着坚定信念,却还编撰了一本宗教与道德的颂歌小册子,追随他的弟子们边唱边跺脚打拍子。这些可以让救世军(注24)与体操运动员一起把他视为先驱。

我在此顺便向一些体操团体致敬,虽然难免遇到失败的结局……但那是跃向胜利的跳板,我们希望如此。尽管有时候有些人错怪他们是在搞一些小学校的儿童把戏,这些团体还是作出了伟大而高尚的贡献,激励他们进行训练的那种独特情感,足以使全体法国人对他们肃然起敬。登山俱乐部的功绩也需要说一说,他们告诉我们那么多的同胞,在我们边境的山峰上,人们可以在那里呼吸到从未被利用过的空气,积蓄身心健康的力量。最后,还有击剑,怎么可以忘记呢?这不正是全民体育运动吗?在这个领域,只有意大利人可以与我们争夺最高荣誉,这个运动让我们扎扎实实地享受搏击的快乐,这不是仅次于生存快乐的最大乐趣吗?

然而,直到1886年,缺少了一个体育教育的结构,我不知道是否有许多规划者意识到了这个问题。据我所知,没有人提出确切的结构方案。1887年8月23日《法国人报》终于刊出了一个方案,尽管我不想在这个会议中谈及个人,我还是要带着一份无疑是公正的感情来强调这个日期。在这个时期,法兰西医学科学院站出来坚决反对用脑过度。这对方案的作者来说,似乎是在一堵墙上寻找出路。法兰西医学科学院坚持要修改学校的课程安排,以便减少脑力劳动,腾出时间进行体育运动,他们的理由是:学生没有时间进行锻炼。完全错了,时间是有的,而且是足够的,不需要给出更多的时间,只是需要好好安排。至于公众舆论,则迷失于另一个方向,有人冲着大学说:为什么不在你们那里锻炼,去吧,你们去活动一下吧。锻炼和推动锻炼,说起来容易,做起来难。事实上,动力应该来自外界,来自民间的积极性,应该有个团体作为支撑点在河的两岸架起桥梁,索邦大学就是一个支撑点,体育俱乐部与法国体育场可以是另外一个支撑点。这两个团体,一个创立于1882年,另一个创立于1883年,有一段时间双方互相不知道对方的存在。有一位德?圣克莱尔先生,他对田径运动做出的奉献超过了所有人,1887年1月18日他促成了这两个团体的联合。接着,在阿弗莱城(注25)的森林里举办了一次拉力赛,这一天决定成立田径运动联盟,11月29日,这个联盟正式成立,其章程获得法律承认。1888年的最初几个月,经过多次会议和积极奔走,组成了一个体育运动推广委员会。于勒?西蒙先生和格雷亚尔先生是最早的委员。接下来,5月31日和7月5日委员会召开了会议,在巴黎附近举办了一次校际越野障碍赛跑。此后的情况大家都知道,成立了体育教育联盟、吉伦特(注26)联盟,后者汇集了波尔多学区的许多公立高中,在法国所有的联络点都组织起了竞赛,虽然有时雷声大雨点小,成绩也不是太好,但是,5年来这个伟大运动为我们带来了众所周知的成果。先生们,大家对此都是满意的:今天诸位济济一堂,足以说明了这一切。

五

以上是过去,那么未来呢?

我不在这里向诸位描述未来,因为预言家的角色充满了危险,同时也是因为时间到了,我应该结束今晚向诸位介绍历史简况。联盟有履行重大职责的义务,无论是面对大学,还是面对会员,它一定会尽职尽责。

关于普遍性的田径运动,我不知道其未来命运如何。但是,我提请诸位关注以下这个重要事实,在一系列百年不遇的变化中,田径运动出现了两个新的特点,即大众化与国际化。第一个特点保证了它的前途,如今除了具备大众化之外,没有任何事情可以长期存在。而第二个特点则在我们眼前展现了意想不到的前景。当有些人向你们说战争将消失,你们会认为他们是空想主义者,你们的看法不全错。但是,另外一些人相信战争的可能性在逐渐减少,我认为这就不是空想。显然,电报、铁路、电话、热衷于科学研究、代表大会、博览会对和平事业所做出的贡献超过了所有的条约与外交协议。所以,我希望田径运动还可以做得更多:那些亲眼见过3万人冒雨跑去观看一场足球比赛的人,不会认为我是在夸夸其谈。向国外送出划桨选手、赛跑选手和击剑选手吧,这将是未来的自由交往,一旦这样的自由交往成为古老欧洲的风尚,和平事业将获得崭新而有力的支持。

综上所述,足以激励我本人现在就去考虑计划中的第二个步骤,希望大家一如既往地帮助我,与你们一道,我会坚持不懈地追求,实现一个以现代生活条件为基础、伟大而有益的事业:复兴奥林匹克运动。

『柒』 求一篇关于关于美国文化的英语演讲稿

Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonymy of American cinema. The nickname Tinseltown refers to Hollywood and the movie instry. Today, much of the movie instry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary instries, such as editing, effects, props, post-proction and lighting companies, remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.

Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues and concert stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife, tourism, and is home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

『捌』 美国励志人物大学演讲稿中英文对照版，有哪些

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graates,
尊敬的Faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位毕业生同学，

Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.
感谢你们，让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。

I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not a billionaire, but at least I am a nerd.
我不太肯定，自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是，英国亿万身家的小说家J.K. Rowling女士，她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔•盖茨先生，他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑高手。今年很遗憾，你们的演讲人是我，虽然我不是很有钱，但是至少我也算一个高手。

I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, "That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next." Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.
我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位，这对我很重要，也许比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道，在学术上，我是我们家的不肖之子。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士，在哈佛大学得到哲学博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候，我想我的妈妈会高兴。但是，我错了。消息公布的那天早上，我给她打电话，她听了只说："这是好消息，不过我想知道，你下次什么时候来看我？"如今在我们兄弟当中，我最终也拿到了哈佛学位，我想这一次，她会感到满意。

Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.
在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲，还有一个难处，那就是你们中有些人可能有意见，不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。我要求你们谅解我，因为两个理由。

First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.
首先，为了产生影响力，很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。在科学中，第一个发现者是重要的，但是在得到公认前，最后一个将这个发现重复做出来的人也许更重要。

Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted "All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients." Picasso declared "Good artists borrow. Great artists steal." Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard?
其次，一个借鉴他人的作者，正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下："古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。"画家毕加索宣称"优秀的艺术家借鉴，伟大的艺术家偷窃。"那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者，就不适用同样的标准呢？

I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to "Dean Jean," the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word "rejected." She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that "we are unable to offer you admission." I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, "deans of rejection." Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.
我还要指出一点，向哈佛毕业生发表演说，对我来说是有讽刺意味的，因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请，一定会被拒绝。我的妻子Jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任，她向我保证，如果当年我申请斯坦福大学，她会拒绝我。我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目，她强烈反对我使用"拒绝"这个词，她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中，她总是写："我们无法提供你入学机会。"我分不清两者到底有何差别。在我看来，那些大热门学校的招生主任与其称为"准许你入学的主任"，还不如称为"拒绝你入学的主任"。很显然，我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。

My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, "The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself." So, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts ecation and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your ecation ring those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that "credit" is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.
毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章----轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少被重视，几乎注定被忘记，永远不会被实践。但是，就像王尔德说的："对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处。"所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的时候，不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。从长远看，自学能力是优秀的文理教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈，这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中，要牢记荣誉不是一个守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部荣誉的90%。

Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie "Harvey" got it exactly right. He said: "Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be ... she always used to call me Elwood ... in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'" Well, for years I was smart. ... I recommend pleasant. You may quote me on that.
电影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P. Dowd，就完全理解这一点。他说："多年前，母亲曾经对我说，'Elwood，活在这个世界上，你要么做一个聪明人，要么做一个好人。'"我做聪明人，已经做了好多年了。......但是，我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。

My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.
我的第三个忠告是，当你开始生活的新阶段时，请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好，就去找，找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂，如果想有所成，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄，是超级的一根筋，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年，读完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。在这些年中，我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣，都来自物理学。

Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.
我还有最后一个忠告，就是说兴趣爱好固然重要，但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。你的物质生活和得到的承认，都不会产生自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪。

After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the "real world," a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was "practically perfect in every way," but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.
在贝尔实验室待了9年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我眼中的"真实世界"----大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法，就像别人形容电影Mary Poppins的话，"实际上完美无缺"。但是，我想为世界留下更多的东西，不只是科学论文。我要去教书，培育我自己在科学上的后代。

Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best:
我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室，几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述：

"The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I begin learning from them."
"在大学工作，最大的优点就是学生。他们生机勃勃，充满热情，思想自由，还没被生活的重压改变。虽然他们自己没有意识到，但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。如果生命中曾经有过思想自由和充满创造力的时期，那么那个时期就是你在读大学。进校时，学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑，渐渐地，他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的，于是他们开始独立思考。从那时起，就是我开始向他们学习了。"

My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.
我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事，都非常优秀。他们中有30多人，现在已经是教授了。他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使现在，我偶尔还会周末上网，向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。

I began teaching with the idea of giving back; I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses. It's a call to arms and about making a difference.
我怀着回报社会的想法，开始了教学生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回报社会。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现，以及由此带来的新挑战。它是一个战斗的号令，到了做出改变的时候了。

『玖』 介绍美国概况 英语演讲稿

The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific.

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with about 305 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the proct of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic proct (GDP) of US$14.3 trillion (23% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 21% at purchasing power parity).

The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.

In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and instrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the world's largest. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.
这是维基网络关于美国的简介，稍微整理一下变成自己的语言，应该可以用。

『拾』 求一篇关于美国文化的英语演讲稿

For some students, English is very difficult to learn. It's true that English is different from other subjects. Because we

learn other subjects in Chinese. We know Chinese much earlier than English. So Chinese influences our English learning. Do

you want to learn English well? And then I'll be very glad to share the experiences. The most important thing is to remember

four "C"s.
First, "Carefulness". You must be careful when you do anything, and also, when you learn English. Many students make simple

mistakes at times. 'Cause they are not careful enough. Also, many students don't regard English learning as an important

thing. But we all know that English is the most widely used language in the world. As we are growing up, English is becoming

more and more important in our life. So, when you learn English, please be careful. Further more, you also need to "listen"

carefully. At school, listen carefully when you learn in class. The teacher can tell us a lot. If you have chances to speak

to foreigners from English-spoken country, you should listen to them carefully. ay attention to their pronunciations and

ways to express.
Next, "Confidence" & "Courage". Many Chinese students are troubled by spoken English. Of course there is a reason about the

language environment. However, the more important thing is that some of us are not confident enough to "open the mouth". When

we meet some foreigners, we hardly speak to them if they don't speak to us. "Confidence" & "Courage" are what we need. We can

practice our English at home. Find a mirror and then speak to ourselves. Then you may feel more relaxed and comfortable than

speaking to others. Don't afraid to make mistakes. But also be careful, don't make mistakes that you know what is right.
The last one is "Curiosity". You need to keep curious. Interest is the best teacher. When you read an English article, see

an English movie, watch some English programs or when you join any other events about English, you should keep curious. If

you learn a new word, then guess the meaning before you use the dictionary. If you find a sentence that you consider very

meaningful, then you can write it down and collect all of them. If you keep curious about English, you may find learning

English is so interesting. Can't you learn English well then?
These are my suggestions of English learning. And I hope it can be helpful for you.And thank you all for listening