演講稿關於美國

『壹』 大國崛起美國篇 演講稿

美國真正的崛起之迷
美國早在是英國殖民地時就對教育非常重視，到1775年，英屬個殖民地人口不過260萬，但已仿效英國牛津、劍橋等大學創辦了哈佛、耶魯等9所學院，教育環境甚至都強過今天的北京市。 殖民地時期的初等教育相當發達。北部幾個殖民地以麻省(Massachusetts)為代表，特別重視普及教育，當局曾於1647年發布法令，規定市鎮中只要有50戶居民就應設立一所小學，於是市鎮學校在北部興起。這種由地方當局辦理、干預教育的做法，超過了其宗主國--英國的教會辦學的方針，一舉奠定國民素質的優勢！
在這個世界，凡是受過教育的人幾乎沒有人不知道美國的《獨立宣言》：「人人生而平等，造物主賦予他們一些不可剝奪的權利，其中包括生命權、自由權和追求幸福的權利。」當我們熱血沸騰地聽著這人類史上最偉大的聲音的時候，請不要忘了美國還有一個偉大之處，那就是《憲法》所標榜的以教育培養國家公民。為了普及教育，他們先是採用了英國的蘭卡斯特導生制。1818年蘭卡斯特本人還應邀到美國宣講導生制。英國式的教育不能滿足這個新國家對教育的要求。1843年，賀拉斯· 曼(Horace Mann,當時任麻省教育廳長)考察德國，才引進了當時普魯士的教學制度，同時大力宣傳盧梭、裴斯塔洛齊等歐洲教育家的思想，美國各地的小學遂開始採用西歐最先進的教學制度。
南北戰爭以後，美國高等教育的發展步伐邁得更快，這期間新成立的大專院校就有二百餘所! 它一面學習當時歐洲重視學術的樣板——柏林大學，於1876年創設約翰·霍普金斯大學，建立大學研究院，致力高深的學術研究；一面根據國會於1861年、1890年所通過的二個《摩雷爾法》，由國會撥地、撥款資助各州大辦農(業)工(藝)學院，很快培養出大批適合工農業發展需要的專門人才，當今舉世聞名的麻省理工學院、康奈爾大學由此而來。工農學院初辦時，由於眾多貧苦學生求學其中，曾被譏為"牧牛娃學院"，在高等教育的"平民化"方面大大領先於歐洲。事實證明，窮人的對財富的渴望遠遠高過富人子弟！這就為美國造就了一批敢於冒險和創新的高知識人才，當他們對財富的渴望的慾火被點起，那就是火山，那就是海嘯，那就是第二次工業革命的高潮！
南北戰爭以後，公立中學本來是兼顧學生升學與就業兩方面要求的4年制綜合中學，由於此時學生逐年猛增，准備升學者日少而准備就業的日眾，所以逐漸以職業准備為主要職責，課程隨之發生變化，加強自然科學和實用科目，這是美國中學的顯著特點。公立中學逐漸以職業准備為主要職責，課程隨之發生變化，加強自然科學和實用科目，這是美國中學的顯著特點。不僅如此，1880年麻省理工學院創辦了工業中學，1888年明尼蘇達州首創農業中學，此後各種職業中學不斷大量涌現。歐洲人由於世俗觀念而不喜歡職業中學，以"生來平等"為信念的美國人則沒有這種歷史包袱。職業中學造就了一批實業家和發明家，第一架飛機的發明家萊特兄弟就是他們中的一員。
據統計，1870-1940年，美國人口增加了3倍，而中學生則增加了90倍。當時的口號是："中等教育為所有適齡青年敞開大門"，到1918年時美國高中已發展到2萬多所，而12億人口大國的中國到1998年才有1萬多一點的高中。由此可見，美國的高效率、高技術、高產出靠的是科技，靠的是先進的教育。今天，美國基礎教育的方法在杜威式教育法的基礎上幾經改進，教育的口號是："不讓一個孩子掉隊"，各州都將40%的稅收用於教育。上世紀80年代壟斷著大約70%左右的專利發明，70%以上的諾貝爾自然科學獎，奧運會獎牌總數第一。
「2061計劃"是美國促進科學協會聯合美國科學院、聯邦教育部等12個機構於1985年啟動的一項面向21世紀、致力於科學知識普及的中小學課程改革工程，它代表著美國基礎教育課程和教學改革的趨勢。為此計劃，美國動員了800多位科學家、企業家、大中小學教師和教育工作者參與了這項再造青少年智慧的宏大工程。他們總結戰後科學、數學和技術領域的深刻變革和未來發展趨勢，汲取美國80年代以來教育改革的成果，打造21世紀新的美國人。
一個居安思危的國家才有資格談論誰是第一！
大國的崛起靠的是科技，國與國之間的較量說到底就是國民素質的較量，是人才的較量。不客氣地說，中國由於難以接受別人的教育思想，國民整體素質與發達國家的相比都不是一個等級。英國歷史學家湯因比研究過21種在歷史上曾經出現過，後來相繼消亡的文明。結論是這些文明死亡的原因，無一例外，都不是他殺，而是自殺。他們失去了創新的活力，被歷史淘汰出局。
1876年，美國慶祝獨立100周年的時候，在費城舉辦國際博覽會，有37個國家參展，當時清政府也派出了展覽團。在這次博覽會上，英國展出最新的蒸汽機車，美國展出大功率電動機和發電機，德國展出加工槍炮的精密機床，中國展出的是純銀打制的27套件耳挖勺和小腳綉花鞋。
這是就是時代的差距！

『貳』 求一篇關於美國名人的英語演講稿，急！

【一定要給懸賞哦，不是總統的。。。】我有一個夢想(I Have a Dream) 1963年8月23日，馬丁·路德·金組織了美國歷史上影響深遠的「自由進軍」運動。他率領一支龐大的遊行隊伍向首都華盛頓進軍，為全美國的黑人爭取人權。他在林肯紀念堂前向25萬人發表了著名的演說《我有一個夢想》，為反對種族歧視、爭取平等發出呼號。馬丁·路德·金1964年獲諾貝爾和平獎。1968年4月4日他在田納西州被暗殺。

在演說中，他說出了著名的平等口號：

我夢想有一天，這個國家將會奮起，實現其立國信條的真諦：「我們認為這些真理不證自明：人人生而平等。」
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

我夢想有一天，在喬治亞州的紅色山崗上，昔日奴隸的兒子能夠同昔日奴隸主的兒子同席而坐，親如手足。
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

我夢想有一天，我的四個孩子將生活在一個不是以膚色的深淺，而是以品格的優劣作為評判標準的國家裡。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

演講全文：I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King, Jr.

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of graalism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.

We cannot walk alone.

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.

We cannot turn back.

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."?
This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.

With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.

Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,

From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of
Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

But not only that:

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

Free at last! free at last!

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

『叄』 3分鍾演講稿,關於美國

美利堅合眾國（英語：United States of America），簡稱美國，舊稱花旗國，是由50個州和一個聯邦地區組成的聯邦立憲制共和國。美國本土位於北美洲中部，東瀕大西洋，西濱太平洋，北靠加拿大，南接墨西哥及墨西哥灣；首都華盛頓哥倫比亞特區與除夏威夷州和阿拉斯加州之外的48個州都位於美國本土。阿拉斯加州位於北美大陸西北方，東接加拿大，西隔白令海峽與俄羅斯隔海相望。夏威夷州則是太平洋中部的群島。此外，美國在加勒比海和太平洋還擁有多處領土和島嶼地區。美國源自於1776年脫離英國統治的北美殖民地，13州的殖民地代表一同發表了《美國獨立宣言》，在經歷艱苦的獨立戰爭後，於1783年與英國簽訂了《巴黎條約》，從此受到世界各國的承認。
經過兩百多年的發展，美國國土不斷拓展，37個州陸續加入聯邦旗下。目前有50個州，1個聯邦直轄特區，以及若干境外領土。國土面積超過962萬平方公里，國土面積位居世界第三或第四名（領土排名爭議參見地理一節）。美國人口約3億人，其數量為世界第三，民族多元，以白人為主，有大量移民人口。美國國旗上的50顆白色星星代表50個州；每當有新州加入聯邦時，美國國旗會在次年的獨立日（7月4日）時增加一顆星。[2]國旗上紅色及白色橫條各為7條及6條，總計13條，紀念最初獨立的13個州。[3]
建國200多年以來，美國曾經歷過南北戰爭（1861－1865年）和大蕭條（1930年代）兩次嚴酷考驗，[4]仍堅守自由民主制政治制度，成為憲法民主和公民自由的代表性國家。美國龐大的經濟、文化、科技和軍事影響力貫穿了整個20世紀。在第一次世界大戰和第二次世界大戰中，美國和其他同盟國一同獲得勝利，並經歷數十年的冷戰後，終於拖垮蘇聯，成為現今世界上唯一的超級大國[5]。當今美國在全世界的經濟發展、政治實力、科技創新、軍事技術力量等眾多領域的龐大影響力都是無他國能比擬的。

The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with about 308 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest both by land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the proct of large-scale immigration from many countries.[7] The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic proct (GDP) of US $14.4 trillion (a quarter of nominal global GDP and a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity).[4][8]
Indigenous peoples, probably of Asian origin, have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.[9] The Philadelphia Convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and instrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the world's largest.[10] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for two-fifths of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.

『肆』 用英語介紹美國食物的演講稿

American Food

"You are what you eat."Nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating habits.What we put in our mouths does become a part of us.But we can look at this statement another way.What we eat reflects who we are--as people and as a culture.Do you want to understand another culture?Then you ought to find out about its food.Learning about American food can give us a real taste of American culture.

"你吃什麼就成為什麼樣子"營養專家經常使用這句話來倡導更好的飲食習慣，入嘴的東西確實成為我們的一部分．但我們也可以從另一個角度來看這句話，我們所吃的反映出我們自己－－不論就人或文化而言．你想了解另一種文化嗎？那麼你應該去認識他們的食物．認識美國食物可以讓我們得知美國文化的精髓。

What is "American food"?At first you might think the answer is easy as pie.To many people,American food means hamburgers,hot dogs,fried chicken and pizza.If you have a "sweet tooth,"you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies.It's true that Americans do eat those things.But are those the only kind of vittles you can find in America?

何謂「美式食物」？乍聽之下你可能認為答案容易得很。對許多人而言，美式食物就是漢堡、熱狗、炸雞和披薩。如果你是好吃甜食的人，你可能會想到蘋果派或巧克力片餅干。美國人確實吃這些東西，但這些就是你在美國唯一找得到的食物嗎？

Except for Thanksgiving turkey,it's hard to find a typically "American"food.The United States is a land of immigrants.So Americans eat food from many different countries.When people move to America,they bring their cooking styles with them.That's why you can find almost every kind of ethnic food in America.In some cases,Americans have adopted foods from other countries as favorites.Americans love Italian pizza,Mexican tacos and Chinese egg rolls.But the American version doesn't taste quite like the original!

除了感恩節火雞以外，挺難找到典型的美國食物。美國是個移民之地，所以美國人吃的食物來自許多不同的國家，當人們移居美國，他們也將自己的烹調帶了進來。那也就是為什麼在美國你幾乎可以看到所有不同民族的食物。在某些情況中，美國人把外國的食物視為最愛。美國人喜愛義大利的披薩，墨西哥的玉米餅和中國的春卷，但是這些東西的美國版味道卻不很道地！

As with any large country,the U.S.A has several distinct regions.Each region boasts its own special style of food.Visit the South and enjoy country-style cooking.Journey through Louisiana for some spicy Cajun cuisine.Take a trip to New England and sample savory seafood dishes.Travel through the Midwest,"the breadbasket of the nation,"for delicious baked goods.Cruise over to the Southwest and try some tasty Tex-Mex treats.Finish your food tour in the Pacific Northwest with some gourmet coffee.

和許多大國一樣，美國有數個截然不同的地區，每個地區都以自己特有的食物誇口。走訪美國南部享受鄉村式的烹調；到路易斯安納州品嘗辛辣的凱郡式料理；走一趟新英格蘭試嘗它美味的海鮮；再到中西部「美國的麵包之鄉」品嘗可口的烘培食品；乘船游覽至西南部嘗試一些好吃的墨式德州小吃，最後到太平洋西北岸，啜飲美食家的咖啡，作為美食之旅的句點。

Americans living at a fast pace often just "grab a quick bite."Fast food restaurants offer people on the run everything from fried chicken to fried rice.Microwave dinners and instant foods make cooking at home a snap.Of course,one of the most common quick American meals is a sandwich.If it can fit between two slices of bread,Americans probably make a sandwich out of it.Peanut butter and jelly is an all-time American favorite.

生活在快速步調之下的美國人通常只能「很快地吃幾口」。快餐店提供趕時間的人各種食物，從炸雞到炒飯，應有盡有。微波爐晚餐和實時餐點使得在家燒飯省事又快速。當然，最平常的美式速餐之一就是三明治。任何能夾在兩片土司中間的東西，美國人就可以把它作成一份三明治，花生醬和果醬更是一直都深受美國人的喜愛。

Americans on the go also tend to eat a lot of "junk food."Potato chips,candy bars,soft drinks and other goodies are popular treats.Many people eat too many of these unhealthy snacks.But others opt for more healthy eating habits.Some even go "all natural."They refuse to eat any food prepared with chemicals or additives.

忙碌的美國人也趨向於吃一大堆「垃圾食物」。洋芋片、糖果、汽水和其它好吃的東西都頗受歡迎。許多人吃了太多這類不健康的零嘴，但是其它人則選擇較健康的飲食習慣，有些人甚至選擇「全天然」的食物，他們拒絕吃任何有化學製品或添加物的食物。

『伍』 急求一篇英文的演講稿，要求四分鍾左右，話題關於美國的家庭或者是美國的教育。

my family
Dear teachers and classmate:

Today,my topic is: "my family" .

My family has three people, my father, my mother and me. My mom and dad are all teachers. Dad teaching in elementary school mathematics teaching in junior middle school chemistry.And mom, I am a pupil in jinsha small read six class 1, grade. My mom and dad to me is very strict, they asked me no matter what, be sure to try my best to do it well, I know, it is good to me, because they love me,

Mom and dad will give I every time go out with delicious and fun, I also want to give them something, I told them, I want to save money buying them gifts, but they said: "as long as you study hard, exam one hundred to us, is the best gift!" They often help me speak many interesting topic, I also often tell jokes amused fun with them.

You look! My father, mother and I formed a how happy family! Hope worldwide child could like me, have a can accompany them through a happy childhood happiness family!

That's all.Thank you listening my speech

『陸』 求一篇關於美國歷史的英語演講稿

現代世界的體育活動集中在三個首都:柏林、斯德哥爾摩和倫敦。從那裡分別產生出三個體系,都是以古代社會的普及觀念為基礎,影響遠至其他地區。這些古代觀念在中世紀和文藝復興時期被人們自覺不自覺地繼承下來

,可以用三個詞來概括:戰爭、衛生和體育。下面,請允許我簡述其特點,介紹它們在現代的發展過程,並在最後描述一下法國參與這個重要運動的狀況。對於這個運動,人們恰當地稱之為:體育的復興。

一

我們所處的這個世紀,如此悲劇性地開始,又在當今一種動盪不安的和平之中行將結束,延續了一個智力活動極其豐富而體育鍛煉確實貧乏的世紀。或許有必要從這個巨大反差中尋找那些不平衡的根本原因,但這不是我們的任務。我們只是注意到,18世紀末各地不再進行劇烈運動和男士們的競技活動,人們去別處尋找消遣與快樂。從這個角度看,英國那裡的狀況尤其令人驚訝。人們不再像處在都鐸王朝時代(注1)那樣充分享受戶外活動,不再陶醉於大自然之中,那時候托馬斯?阿諾德(注2)和其他田徑教育的創始人尚未出現。要不是拿破崙前去像北風阻止冰雪消融般地鞏固了大不列顛,英國人的民族特性就不會如此鮮明,他們身上混合著的天生粗暴與萎靡不振,很可能是衰頹的前兆。在法國,網球場荒廢了,人們在裡面交換誓言(注3),而不是在打球。一個時代遠離而去:那時候每個星期天下午,德?古貝維爾老爺在科唐坦(注4)的沙灘上打球,身邊圍著一群周邊村莊的健壯小夥子;在一個又一個鄉村教區,人們熱衷於傳統的角斗和摔跤活動,西梅翁?路切先生查閱到的羊皮手稿中描述了這些情景。那時候,阿弗朗什(注5)的教士們每年都在宗教節慶期間,成群結隊來到沙灘上痛快地打一陣曲棍球。所有這一切在督政時期都消失了。曾幾何時,帶著對古希臘的懷念,督政府(注6)希望在巴黎的戰神廣場上組織某些能夠使人想起古代奧林匹克運動會的活動,但缺少一個必須具備的因素:競賽者。總是會有人來參賽,像小孩兒們那樣來到熱鬧的大市場,爭先恐後爬上掛有獎品的彩桿,為了贏取傳統的羊腿或者甜燒酒。然而,這些活動不足以形成運動會,缺少一個體育俱樂部和一個法國體育場來組織支撐,督政府舉辦的賽跑活動實際上是曇花一現,也就是持續了一個早晨。

事實上,與此同時,在我們的邊境,甚至在邊境以外更遙遠的地方,在金字塔腳下,在多瑙河邊,在西班牙,在莫斯科克里姆林宮的大牆下,法蘭西的戰士們歷經長達20年勇猛而悲壯的戰爭史詩,向世界展示了前所未聞的、最卓越的強健實力。在這短短一段時間里,他們耗盡了整個民族幾個世紀積聚起來的力量。戰士們傾灑的鮮血,是那些打網球人和德?古貝維爾老爺的鮮血,決不是懦弱者的,也不是攝政時期(注7)那些放盪者的,這是法蘭西的熱血,在城市變得污濁,在鄉村依然純凈。

還有,先生們,你們知道我們戰士是怎麼樣的吧,在他們用盡最後力氣的時候,居然還會生出新的力量!

啊!在這長年累月英勇征戰之後,法蘭西是多麼需要休養生息呵,上帝!我們是多麼理解,為何人們不去鍛煉疲倦的肌肉,卻玩起了多米諾骨牌游戲。法蘭西就是這樣沉浸在勝利之後,陷入酣睡。然而在她旁邊,一種陰沉、徹底、可怕的失敗卻喚醒了一些人的能量,他們為建立那個諸位所知道的目標——德意志帝國而瘋狂努力。於是,在柏林產生了軍事田徑運動。

在我們國家,人們常說1866年(注8)和1870年戰役(注9)的真正勝利者是小學教師。如果說正是因為這個信念,使得我們國內到處都在快速發展小學校和公共教育,我們感謝這個信念。但是,我認為人們過多地關注了小學教師,而有些忘記了他的同事:體育教師。

先生們,耶拿戰役(注10)後不久出現了許多德國體操的狂熱信徒,熾情傳布其作用。隨後,越來越多的信奉者遵從德國體操的戒律,在操練中追求動作孔武有力,用一句話概括,其本質是軍事性的。在德國直至昨天到處還是:等級關系、服從和准確度。小學生從小就必須知道自己在隊列中的位置,眼睛圍著一個上級轉,等著接受他的命令。中學生時代,他們繼續保持肌肉靈活和意志的順從,以便隨時聽從召喚。因為這是德國體操的目的,很容易就可以看出,這樣一種理念帶來了什麼樣的品質和缺陷。上了大學,德國青年最大的樂趣就是與同學們打鬥,面部刀痕成為引以自豪的標志。生活中的最小細節也顯出高度一致,這種嚴密規定好像還能帶來一種英國人和法國人都無法理解的內心喜悅。直到今天,只要經過一所德國大學,參加一次德國大學生的集會,就可以看到,一聲令下,所有人都會把杯中酒全部喝乾。由此可以了解,狂熱崇尚紀律對這個偉大民族的影響。在本世紀,德國舉國上下都彌漫著軍國主義氣息,一些社會主義者在組建革命政黨時也帶進幾分軍國主義色彩。

我剛才說過,德國體操追求動作孔武有力,講究力度與能量。僅僅在這個條件下才是有效的。然而,為了保持這個能量,體操運動員們必須經常地處於好戰的影響之下。戰爭念頭必須一直不斷地激勵他們,一旦德國脫離了這個念頭,無數的體操團體就會很快改變。事實上,在德國領土的一些地方,真正的體育運動已經產生,這正是20年來國內外和平帶來的結果。年輕的運動員開始考慮為增強他們自己的體質而努力,不再顧忌那些或遠或近的目標。如果他要跨欄,他就會使自己盡可能輕巧,盡可能跳得更高。然而在戰場上,腿與胳膊不能赤裸,也不可能只穿一件貼身內衣。這時候的體操運動員,很少去關心如何完成一項田徑壯舉,想得更多的是怎樣帶著武器背包敏捷地跨越障礙。同樣,當他們不再受到軍事服役前程的鼓動,整體動作就會遲緩,身手無力,幾乎是草草而為,缺乏靈魂。同樣的,分組跑步解體,跑步者重新獲得個性。他們不再關心步伐是否整齊一致,而是誰跑得更快,誰第一個到達終點。

從身體鍛煉的角度來看,德國體操是矯揉造作的;它所練習的內容並無存在的理由,極不自然,只有向人們許諾某種偉大崇高的目標,才有可能使人感興趣並且接受這些訓練。先生們,這是它的成功;但是到了明天,這大概會導致它的衰落。

然而,德國體操已經有了眾多追隨者,成立了許多團體,包括在美洲和澳大利亞,暫且不說我們接下來還會提到的法國。英國人環游世界喜歡帶上一副網球拍子和一本《聖經》,這兩樣東西,他們從不離身。德國人移居國外則喜歡帶上酸菜和體操。諸位都知道德國移民在美國人數眾多,最近發生的一些事情足以引起關注,假如我是美國公民,我會認為這對國家是一個危險。不過,美國的德國人強烈崇拜歐洲的德國人。在美國這片自由的國土上安居樂業,與他們古老的祖國遠隔重洋,不斷歌頌他們曾經不能忍受的枷鎖,驕傲地高呼皇帝的名字,夢想通過語言與習俗使新大陸的一大部分地區日爾曼化,他們在那裡生活,卻從不想返回祖國。他們還為孩子們建立了許多體操團體,模仿古老祖國的做法,在那裡稱之為「健身教育」的混亂體系中,建立起完全是清一色的另一套安排。

諸位也許會對我說,這種體操缺乏我剛才指出的那些使它成功的必要條件:軍事目的與戰場前景。先生們,請不要這么想,你們習慣看到的只是6900萬居民中的商人、企業家、生意人,但還存在著一個思考的美國,一個科學的美國,也還存在著一個軍事的美國。雖然,從物質上講,南北戰爭的痕跡已經消失,可是精神上的創傷依然清晰可見,這場巨大的戰爭在美國人心理上造成的震盪一直延續到了今天。我要宣告,美國公民的愛國主義精神是我所知道的最為強大、最令人贊嘆的之一,可以寄予一切期望。

然而,美國西點軍校很久以來始終遵照法國的軍事傳統,培養出了一批精英力量,這就是聯邦軍隊的軍官們。現在,每個州都擁有自己的民兵部隊,如果將這些部隊視為沒有多少價值的國民自衛隊,那就大錯特錯了。我沒有時間、也沒有能力來詳細研究其運作情況,但我可以提請大家注意三個事實:參軍的人數、完善的武器與裝備,以及在賓夕法尼亞州(注11)剛剛表現的卓越動員能力。當然,動員的時機不是有利的,事先毫無准備,並不是對抗外敵,而是要在一次流血的罷工事件中維持秩序。在24小時之內,這些商人、生意人放下了手中的一切,第25個小時,他們已經人人手持武器出現在指定地點。這些民兵部隊大多數是以德國方式統領和組織起來的。他們表現了一種奇特混合:既有英國式自願的公民道德,又有德國軍人嚴從紀律的精神。美國人正在重建他們的作戰海軍,一旦完成這項任務,他們的敢作敢為很快便會轉變成征服精神。我相信,未來的華盛頓政府將是一個輕易開炮的政府(注12)。由於以上種種原因,衰弱並且消失在施普雷河岸(注13)的軍事體操,將在密西西比河岸(注14)重新找到權威者和追隨者。總而言之,機會是有的,在需要實現重大理想的時候,在需要報仇雪恨的時候,或者在需要廢除奴隸制度的時候,它很可能重新出現苗頭。

在澳大利亞,德國移民的人數非常少,幾乎可以忽略不提。但那裡也產生了幾個團體。盡管這些團體的軍國主義沒有美國那麼普遍與好鬥,卻不是沒有引起公眾的憂慮。難道還需要向諸位提起澳大利亞一些首府出現的騷亂、薩摩亞群島(注15)和新赫布里底(注16)的事端,以及輿論要求不久後佔領新喀里多尼亞島(注17)的強烈願望,還有,新南威爾士州(注18)派遣民兵部隊去支持蘇丹的英國人?

我似乎是放棄了體育而在研究外交問題。事實上,我只是在強調這個重要的社會法規,這就是,一個民族的精神、志向和習俗,直接影響著這個民族對體育運動的理解和所採用的組織方式,其間存在著密切聯系。

二

先生們,這是德國的實際情況,也是瑞典的實際情況。從德國體操轉向瑞典體操,好像是聽完一部英雄交響樂之後再聽一部田園交響樂。瑞典是一個幸福的民族,歷史短,近百年來致力於平和地開展一種有益於全民身心的滑冰活動,以及一項初看起來較為平緩的獨特體操,人們以其發明者命名,稱之為林格體操。

我趕緊要說,在林格體操和滑冰之間,滑冰更加是識別瑞典人的標志;他們的良好健康,這種身心的美妙平衡,這種安寧的心境,這種均勻的氣息,帶給他們生命的活力。他們認為應當感謝那位高明的滑冰創造者,而我則毫不猶豫地將之歸功於在北方平坦冰面上的飛速滑行,歸功於冰冷的空氣,歸功於斯堪的納維亞半島(注19)冬季有益於健康的快樂。

這並不是說,同樣在德國、倫敦和紐約一些地區開始靦腆推行的瑞典體操沒有什麼價值。我們的一位朋友,我可以說,我們一位傑出的朋友拉格朗日博士,我們聯盟的顧問,曾經親臨現場研究瑞典體操,《兩個世界》雜志的讀者獲得了他對斯德哥爾摩學院的印象。他寫道:「瑞典體操,是體弱者的體操。」確實是,這就是我們不願意接受這類體操的原因。瑞典體操動作緩慢,適合老年人,也適合嬌弱的孩子。由於具有科學作用,還適用於病人。拉格朗日先生感興趣並且著迷的,主要是它的醫療方面。他寫道,法國的醫生去斯德哥爾摩研究,面對的是如此新穎的事物,他在一些公共或民間的「學院」中看到的形體動作如此多樣,最初感到困惑不解。漸漸地,他的腦海中出現了清晰的思路:歸納分類這些靈巧動作的過程,認識到其實質可以概括出兩個結果:對鍛煉進行定量,對動作進行定位。這給人們帶來一個大膽理念,這個醫療體操的基礎是建立在對肌肉系統特有而深入的研究之上。我是說醫療作用是通過鍛煉以及與之相關的一些按摩來實現的,甚至可以醫治一些心臟疾病,療效出色,半個多世紀以來瑞典人不停地到這些學院去尋找健康途徑,只有療效這一點值得人們去關注瑞典體操。然而,體育鍛煉的愛好者通常不是病人。我們面對的主要是健康人。瑞典體操關注小孩兒,尤其是他們處在令人擔心出現身體問題的年齡階段;也適合病人,並為老年人提供適合他們體力的鍛煉動作,這一切都很好。但是,在年輕人的世界裡沒有威力,年輕人需要的正是它所放棄的:力量與競爭。在瑞典體操中,力量的獲得是通過動作幅度而不是通過力度,人們慢慢地感受,從來不急躁。至於競爭,瑞典體操的一個信條是,人與人之間不能進行相比,人只能與自己比較。

如果讓我們年輕運動員放棄努力和競爭,那就應該首先抽掉他們血管中的血:只要還有一滴鮮血,他們就不會放棄,這就是我的回答。事實上,如果給他們同樣的告誡,那就是嘲諷他們。這很容易讓人想到沙姆的漫畫:一位母親把她的小女孩放在杜樂麗公園(注20),囑咐她說:「好好玩吧,我的孩子,但你千萬別著涼,也別受熱,不要弄皺裙子,不要弄臟靴子,不要弄亂頭發,也不要弄散領結。」

在瑞典,也有一批改革者致力於瑞典體操的「男性化」,如果我可以這么說的話。人們既憤怒又好奇地看著他們,革新者們總是到處引起人們的注意,占幾天上風。一旦瑞典體操的目標不僅僅是面對病人和體弱者,我看不到誰能夠阻止它遍及世界,我本人也不反對幫助它在全球推廣。

三

先生們,我們在這次會議的開始就已經看到,有些人以為英國人根深蒂固地熱衷鍛煉身體,這種愛好從來沒有衰退過,這么想完全錯了。他們想當然地以為自己所看到的就是一直存在著的,認為英國沒有體育運動就是不合邏輯。然而,這種不合邏輯在整個上世紀末和本世紀初都是存在著的。那時候,民間體育衰落了,大土地私有者出現,導致對狩獵權利的獨占,剝奪了鄉村小資產階級最喜愛的活動。雖然到處仍可看到一些拳擊手在搏擊,或是在泰晤士河上舉行劃船比賽,但那是專業人士之間為了讓觀眾掏更多錢打賭。這不是體育,也不是競技運動。當時的英國只有兩種消遣:誠實或者不誠實地經營生意,半醉或者爛醉地飲酒作樂。中學是社會的一個縮影,沒有團結精神,老師們麻木不仁,學生則是力大為王。人們肯定無法料想,這樣一種粗俗不健全的學校機制,教育家憑其才幹居然能夠培養出那樣的精細和優雅。因此,我在這里要說的正與法國盛行的這種偏見相反,在世界上,對於年輕人,沒有比現在英國的教育體系更加細膩、更加優雅、更加溫情,一些表面現象是會誤導人的。

先生們,英國的田徑運動僅僅始於昨天,今天已經風靡全球。還沒有人撰寫這個龐大運動的歷史,但是人們很清楚其中的主要脈絡。牧師金斯利和他弟子們的事跡距今並不遙遠,他們的名字還未被遺忘:60年足以完成這個令人難以置信的轉變。最初的推動者只是想為自己帶來健康和快樂,並不關心建立門戶學派。然而他們很有遠見,哲學光芒環繞著他們:對希臘的回憶,對斯多葛派(注21)傳統的尊重,以及田徑運動可以為現代人類帶來益處的這種清晰理念很快引起了他們的注意。人們嘲笑他們,但是這些嘲笑絲毫沒有使他們氣餒。當運動發展到了相當的規模,他們更是遭到了瘋狂而猛烈的攻擊。但是,他們的事業已經贏得了青年們的支持。牛津大學和劍橋大學開始與他們合作,因為他們從中找到了一種偉大振興的根源,一種極為需要的凈化力量。同時,托馬斯?阿諾爾德這位偉大的公民、英國教育的領袖與模範,為田徑運動在教育中的作用列出細則。這項事業很快獲得了人們的認同,贏得成功。在英國,到處出現了體育場所。各種體育團體的數量大大增加,多得你們都無法猜出它們的數字。倫敦就有一大批,不是在貴族區,而是在窮人和平民街區。每個村莊都有一個或兩個團體,盡管英國法律沒有為兒童健身教育做過什麼,民間發起的活動卻給予了足夠的彌補。接著,英國人的後代離開自己國土時帶走了他們的寶貴經驗,田徑運動在兩個半球各種各樣的氣候中蓬勃發展起來。

在美國,確切地說在浪漫主義危機之後,我們想知道那裡發展成什麼樣子,1889年圍繞著紀念法國大革命100周年舉辦了萬國博覽會的一系列會議,我們乘著其中一個會議的東風,向所有英國殖民地與英語國家發放了7000多份有關體育運動、體育對教育的影響及其發展的調查問卷。這個發展從來沒有停止過,所有的問卷答案一致向我們證明了不斷上升的田徑運動已經有了巨大規模,50年的經驗僅僅是普遍證實了阿諾爾德和金斯利學說的正確。以美國這個重視數字的國家為例,薩金特博士(此領域的一個權威)估計,在建立運動場、健身廳或者製造運動器械方面的投資,1860年至1870年為100萬美元,1870年至1880年是250萬美元,1880年至1890年則高達2500萬美元,總共投入了2850萬美元。

在澳大利亞、開普敦、牙買加、香港、印度,一些俱樂部的年鑒和田徑運動的組織規則都在表明,一股體育熱潮正在掀起。我估計,盡管我得到的統計數據很不完整,我還是要說明,大約有600萬人在參與,而這只是計算了在正規團體登記的成年積極活動者。我還沒有把比利時和荷蘭計算在內,那裡的體育運動每天都吸引著眾多人參與,也沒有把那些體育愛好者團體孤立存在的國家計算在內。

一種關心幫助體育界的專業刊物誕生了,無數報刊應運而生。芝加哥舉行的一場棒球比賽,或是帕拉馬塔河上(注22)的一場劃船角逐,其輸贏結果都可以傳遍全世界,占據泰晤士報的重要版位。而40年前,泰晤士報還只是在一個小角落裡靦腆地報道牛津與劍橋之間的首次賽跑活動。在一些重大賽事的日子裡,生意停止了,辦公室空了,人們像從前古希臘人那樣停下手中的工作,朝著從身邊跑過的青年人鼓勁兒加油。

先生們,年輕人現在正從我們身邊跑過,他們的優點在於只是從自身力量中尋求力量、自覺服從各種規則、主動接受一套紀律,由於是自願,所以效率倍增。人們想著戰爭很崇高、很壯麗,但是思考衛生保健則更值得稱頌,然而,最完美的人性是努力遵循公平、喜愛艱難事業、勇於挑戰困難,如此而已。

以上是普遍意義的體育哲學,特別是我們聯盟的哲學。

四

先生們,1886年法國參與體育運動的狀況並不像有些人認為的那樣糟糕。我不提那位正直善良的阿莫羅斯上校(注23)了,他本人當然有著堅定信念,卻還編撰了一本宗教與道德的頌歌小冊子,追隨他的弟子們邊唱邊跺腳打拍子。這些可以讓救世軍(注24)與體操運動員一起把他視為先驅。

我在此順便向一些體操團體致敬,雖然難免遇到失敗的結局……但那是躍向勝利的跳板,我們希望如此。盡管有時候有些人錯怪他們是在搞一些小學校的兒童把戲,這些團體還是作出了偉大而高尚的貢獻,激勵他們進行訓練的那種獨特情感,足以使全體法國人對他們肅然起敬。登山俱樂部的功績也需要說一說,他們告訴我們那麼多的同胞,在我們邊境的山峰上,人們可以在那裡呼吸到從未被利用過的空氣,積蓄身心健康的力量。最後,還有擊劍,怎麼可以忘記呢?這不正是全民體育運動嗎?在這個領域,只有義大利人可以與我們爭奪最高榮譽,這個運動讓我們扎扎實實地享受搏擊的快樂,這不是僅次於生存快樂的最大樂趣嗎?

然而,直到1886年,缺少了一個體育教育的結構,我不知道是否有許多規劃者意識到了這個問題。據我所知,沒有人提出確切的結構方案。1887年8月23日《法國人報》終於刊出了一個方案,盡管我不想在這個會議中談及個人,我還是要帶著一份無疑是公正的感情來強調這個日期。在這個時期,法蘭西醫學科學院站出來堅決反對用腦過度。這對方案的作者來說,似乎是在一堵牆上尋找出路。法蘭西醫學科學院堅持要修改學校的課程安排,以便減少腦力勞動,騰出時間進行體育運動,他們的理由是:學生沒有時間進行鍛煉。完全錯了,時間是有的,而且是足夠的,不需要給出更多的時間,只是需要好好安排。至於公眾輿論,則迷失於另一個方向,有人沖著大學說:為什麼不在你們那裡鍛煉,去吧,你們去活動一下吧。鍛煉和推動鍛煉,說起來容易,做起來難。事實上,動力應該來自外界,來自民間的積極性,應該有個團體作為支撐點在河的兩岸架起橋梁,索邦大學就是一個支撐點,體育俱樂部與法國體育場可以是另外一個支撐點。這兩個團體,一個創立於1882年,另一個創立於1883年,有一段時間雙方互相不知道對方的存在。有一位德?聖克萊爾先生,他對田徑運動做出的奉獻超過了所有人,1887年1月18日他促成了這兩個團體的聯合。接著,在阿弗萊城(注25)的森林裡舉辦了一次拉力賽,這一天決定成立田徑運動聯盟,11月29日,這個聯盟正式成立,其章程獲得法律承認。1888年的最初幾個月,經過多次會議和積極奔走,組成了一個體育運動推廣委員會。於勒?西蒙先生和格雷亞爾先生是最早的委員。接下來,5月31日和7月5日委員會召開了會議,在巴黎附近舉辦了一次校際越野障礙賽跑。此後的情況大家都知道,成立了體育教育聯盟、吉倫特(注26)聯盟,後者匯集了波爾多學區的許多公立高中,在法國所有的聯絡點都組織起了競賽,雖然有時雷聲大雨點小,成績也不是太好,但是,5年來這個偉大運動為我們帶來了眾所周知的成果。先生們,大家對此都是滿意的:今天諸位濟濟一堂,足以說明了這一切。

五

以上是過去,那麼未來呢?

我不在這里向諸位描述未來,因為預言家的角色充滿了危險,同時也是因為時間到了,我應該結束今晚向諸位介紹歷史簡況。聯盟有履行重大職責的義務,無論是面對大學,還是面對會員,它一定會盡職盡責。

關於普遍性的田徑運動,我不知道其未來命運如何。但是,我提請諸位關注以下這個重要事實,在一系列百年不遇的變化中,田徑運動出現了兩個新的特點,即大眾化與國際化。第一個特點保證了它的前途,如今除了具備大眾化之外,沒有任何事情可以長期存在。而第二個特點則在我們眼前展現了意想不到的前景。當有些人向你們說戰爭將消失,你們會認為他們是空想主義者,你們的看法不全錯。但是,另外一些人相信戰爭的可能性在逐漸減少,我認為這就不是空想。顯然,電報、鐵路、電話、熱衷於科學研究、代表大會、博覽會對和平事業所做出的貢獻超過了所有的條約與外交協議。所以,我希望田徑運動還可以做得更多:那些親眼見過3萬人冒雨跑去觀看一場足球比賽的人,不會認為我是在誇誇其談。向國外送出劃槳選手、賽跑選手和擊劍選手吧,這將是未來的自由交往,一旦這樣的自由交往成為古老歐洲的風尚,和平事業將獲得嶄新而有力的支持。

綜上所述,足以激勵我本人現在就去考慮計劃中的第二個步驟,希望大家一如既往地幫助我,與你們一道,我會堅持不懈地追求,實現一個以現代生活條件為基礎、偉大而有益的事業:復興奧林匹克運動。

『柒』 求一篇關於關於美國文化的英語演講稿

Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonymy of American cinema. The nickname Tinseltown refers to Hollywood and the movie instry. Today, much of the movie instry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary instries, such as editing, effects, props, post-proction and lighting companies, remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.

Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues and concert stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife, tourism, and is home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

『捌』 美國勵志人物大學演講稿中英文對照版，有哪些

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graates,
尊敬的Faust校長，哈佛集團的各位成員，監管理事會的各位理事，各位老師，各位家長，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位畢業生同學，

Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.
感謝你們，讓我有機會同你們一起分享這個美妙的日子。

I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not a billionaire, but at least I am a nerd.
我不太肯定，自己夠得上哈佛大學畢業典禮演講人這樣的殊榮。去年登上這個講台的是，英國億萬身家的小說家J.K. Rowling女士，她最早是一個古典文學的學生。前年站在這里的是比爾•蓋茨先生，他是一個超級富翁、一個慈善家和電腦高手。今年很遺憾，你們的演講人是我，雖然我不是很有錢，但是至少我也算一個高手。

I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, "That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next." Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.
我很感激哈佛大學給我榮譽學位，這對我很重要，也許比你們會想到的還要重要。要知道，在學術上，我是我們家的不肖之子。我的哥哥在麻省理工學院得到醫學博士，在哈佛大學得到哲學博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大學得到一個法律學位。我本人得到諾貝爾獎的時候，我想我的媽媽會高興。但是，我錯了。消息公布的那天早上，我給她打電話，她聽了只說："這是好消息，不過我想知道，你下次什麼時候來看我？"如今在我們兄弟當中，我最終也拿到了哈佛學位，我想這一次，她會感到滿意。

Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.
在哈佛大學畢業典禮上發表演講，還有一個難處，那就是你們中有些人可能有意見，不喜歡我重復前人演講中說過的話。我要求你們諒解我，因為兩個理由。

First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.
首先，為了產生影響力，很重要的方法就是重復傳遞同樣的信息。在科學中，第一個發現者是重要的，但是在得到公認前，最後一個將這個發現重復做出來的人也許更重要。

Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted "All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients." Picasso declared "Good artists borrow. Great artists steal." Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard?
其次，一個借鑒他人的作者，正走在一條前人開辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大學畢業生、詩人愛默生曾經寫下："古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。"畫家畢加索宣稱"優秀的藝術家借鑒，偉大的藝術家偷竊。"那麼為什麼畢業典禮的演說者，就不適用同樣的標准呢？

I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to "Dean Jean," the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word "rejected." She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that "we are unable to offer you admission." I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, "deans of rejection." Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.
我還要指出一點，向哈佛畢業生發表演說，對我來說是有諷刺意味的，因為如果當年我斗膽向哈佛大學遞交入學申請，一定會被拒絕。我的妻子Jean當過斯坦福大學的招生主任，她向我保證，如果當年我申請斯坦福大學，她會拒絕我。我把這篇演講的草稿給她過目，她強烈反對我使用"拒絕"這個詞，她從來不拒絕任何申請者。在拒絕信中，她總是寫："我們無法提供你入學機會。"我分不清兩者到底有何差別。在我看來，那些大熱門學校的招生主任與其稱為"准許你入學的主任"，還不如稱為"拒絕你入學的主任"。很顯然，我需要好好學學怎麼來推銷自己。

My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, "The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself." So, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts ecation and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your ecation ring those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that "credit" is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.
畢業典禮演講都遵循古典奏鳴曲的結構，我的演講也不例外。剛才是第一樂章----輕快的閑談。接下來的第二樂章是送上門的忠告。這樣的忠告很少被重視，幾乎註定被忘記，永遠不會被實踐。但是，就像王爾德說的："對於忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送給別人，因為它對你沒有任何用處。"所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的時候，不要忘記前人。要感謝你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感謝那些啟發過你的教授，尤其要感謝那些上不好課的教授，因為他們迫使你自學。從長遠看，自學能力是優秀的文理教育中必不可少的，將成為你成功的關鍵。你還要去擁抱你的同學，感謝他們同你進行過的許多次徹夜長談，這為你的教育帶來了無法衡量的價值。當然，你還要感謝哈佛大學。不過即使你忘了這一點，校友會也會來提醒你。第二，在你們未來的人生中，做一個慷慨大方的人。在任何談判中，都把最後一點點利益留給對方。不要把桌上的錢都拿走。在合作中，要牢記榮譽不是一個守恆的量。成功合作的任何一方，都應獲得全部榮譽的90%。

Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie "Harvey" got it exactly right. He said: "Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be ... she always used to call me Elwood ... in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'" Well, for years I was smart. ... I recommend pleasant. You may quote me on that.
電影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P. Dowd，就完全理解這一點。他說："多年前，母親曾經對我說，'Elwood，活在這個世界上，你要麼做一個聰明人，要麼做一個好人。'"我做聰明人，已經做了好多年了。......但是，我推薦你們做好人。你們可以引用我這句話。

My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.
我的第三個忠告是，當你開始生活的新階段時，請跟隨你的愛好。如果你沒有愛好，就去找，找不到就不罷休。生命太短暫，如果想有所成，你必須對某樣東西傾注你的深情。我在你們這個年齡，是超級的一根筋，我的目標就是非成為物理學家不可。本科畢業後，我在加州大學伯克利分校又待了8年，讀完了研究生，做完了博士後，然後去貝爾實驗室待了9年。在這些年中，我關注的中心和職業上的全部樂趣，都來自物理學。

Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.
我還有最後一個忠告，就是說興趣愛好固然重要，但是你不應該只考慮興趣愛好。當你白發蒼蒼、垂垂老矣、回首人生時，你需要為自己做過的事感到自豪。你的物質生活和得到的承認，都不會產生自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改變過的人和事，才會讓你產生自豪。

After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the "real world," a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was "practically perfect in every way," but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.
在貝爾實驗室待了9年後，我決定離開這個溫暖舒適的象牙塔，走進我眼中的"真實世界"----大學。我對貝爾實驗室的看法，就像別人形容電影Mary Poppins的話，"實際上完美無缺"。但是，我想為世界留下更多的東西，不只是科學論文。我要去教書，培育我自己在科學上的後代。

Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best:
我在斯坦福大學有一個好友兼傑出同事Ted Geballe。他也是從伯克利分校去了貝爾實驗室，幾年前又離開貝爾實驗室去了斯坦福大學。他對我們的動機做出了最佳描述：

"The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I begin learning from them."
"在大學工作，最大的優點就是學生。他們生機勃勃，充滿熱情，思想自由，還沒被生活的重壓改變。雖然他們自己沒有意識到，但是他們是這個社會中你能找到的最佳受眾。如果生命中曾經有過思想自由和充滿創造力的時期，那麼那個時期就是你在讀大學。進校時，學生們對課本上的一字一句毫不懷疑，漸漸地，他們發現課本和教授並不是無所不知的，於是他們開始獨立思考。從那時起，就是我開始向他們學習了。"

My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.
我教過的學生、帶過的博士後、合作過的年輕同事，都非常優秀。他們中有30多人，現在已經是教授了。他們所在的研究機構有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大學。我從他們身上學到了很多東西。即使現在，我偶爾還會周末上網，向現在還從事生物物理學研究的學生請教。

I began teaching with the idea of giving back; I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses. It's a call to arms and about making a difference.
我懷著回報社會的想法，開始了教學生涯。我的一生中，得到的多於我付出的，所以我要回報社會。這就引出了這次演講的最後一個樂章。首先我要講一個了不起的科學發現，以及由此帶來的新挑戰。它是一個戰斗的號令，到了做出改變的時候了。

『玖』 介紹美國概況 英語演講稿

The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific.

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with about 305 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the proct of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic proct (GDP) of US$14.3 trillion (23% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 21% at purchasing power parity).

The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.

In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and instrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the world's largest. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.
這是維基網路關於美國的簡介，稍微整理一下變成自己的語言，應該可以用。

『拾』 求一篇關於美國文化的英語演講稿

For some students, English is very difficult to learn. It's true that English is different from other subjects. Because we

learn other subjects in Chinese. We know Chinese much earlier than English. So Chinese influences our English learning. Do

you want to learn English well? And then I'll be very glad to share the experiences. The most important thing is to remember

four "C"s.
First, "Carefulness". You must be careful when you do anything, and also, when you learn English. Many students make simple

mistakes at times. 'Cause they are not careful enough. Also, many students don't regard English learning as an important

thing. But we all know that English is the most widely used language in the world. As we are growing up, English is becoming

more and more important in our life. So, when you learn English, please be careful. Further more, you also need to "listen"

carefully. At school, listen carefully when you learn in class. The teacher can tell us a lot. If you have chances to speak

to foreigners from English-spoken country, you should listen to them carefully. ay attention to their pronunciations and

ways to express.
Next, "Confidence" & "Courage". Many Chinese students are troubled by spoken English. Of course there is a reason about the

language environment. However, the more important thing is that some of us are not confident enough to "open the mouth". When

we meet some foreigners, we hardly speak to them if they don't speak to us. "Confidence" & "Courage" are what we need. We can

practice our English at home. Find a mirror and then speak to ourselves. Then you may feel more relaxed and comfortable than

speaking to others. Don't afraid to make mistakes. But also be careful, don't make mistakes that you know what is right.
The last one is "Curiosity". You need to keep curious. Interest is the best teacher. When you read an English article, see

an English movie, watch some English programs or when you join any other events about English, you should keep curious. If

you learn a new word, then guess the meaning before you use the dictionary. If you find a sentence that you consider very

meaningful, then you can write it down and collect all of them. If you keep curious about English, you may find learning

English is so interesting. Can't you learn English well then?
These are my suggestions of English learning. And I hope it can be helpful for you.And thank you all for listening