問候語語言學論文英文版

❶ 語言學論文 英文版

社會語言學：sociolinguistics
is
an
umbrella
term
which
covers
a
variety
of
different
interests
in
language
and
society,including
the
social
functions
of
language
and
the
the
social
characteristics
of
its
users.sociolinguistics
is
the
study
of
the
characteristics
of
language
varieties,the
characteristics
of
their
functions,and
the
characteristics
of
their
speakers
as
these
three
constantly
interact
and
change
within
a
speech
community.it
seeks
to
discover
the
societal
rules
and
norms
that
explain
and
constrain
language
behaviour
and
the
behaviour
toward
language
in
speech
communities.it
also
seeks
to
determine
the
symbolic
value
of
language
varieties
for
their
speakers.that
language
varieties
come
to
have
symbolic
or
symptomatic
value,in
and
of
themselves,is
an
inevitable
consequence
of
their
functional
differentiation.

抱歉，語言社會學我沒查到。上面的社會語言學是我語言學課本里的段落摘抄。

❷ 求一篇有關語言學的英語論文

保留郵箱與你擦肩而過

❸ 求一篇兩千字英語論文 和語言學有關 要求切入點要小要細

還有別的具體的要求嗎？？字數呢? ——>7~5~6~0~0~8~1~2

❹ 應用語言學論文：求一篇英文或者中文的大學應用語言學的心得體會，要求字數一千字。

這里肯定不會有人寫的，都忙著答題，建議你上網搜索一下，然後稍微修改修改……
希望對你有點幫助

❺ 跪求一篇英語語言學的論文 中英文都行 最好是英文 字數1500 好的話追加

On suprasegmental features

一． Introction
So far we have been talking about phonetic features as they apply to single phonetic segments, or phones. Phonetic features can also apply to a string of several sounds, such as a syllable, or an entire word or utterance. The study of phonological features which applies to groups larger than the single segment, are known as suprasegmental features, such as the syllable or the word. The study of these features is known as prosody. It mainly includes syllable, stress, pitch, tone, and intonation. In this paper, I will talk about the suprasegmental features in great detail.
Key words: phonetic, suprasegmental.

二． Syllable
The most obvious prosodic feature in language is the syllable. Let's briefly discuss the notion of syllables. Like all of our other basic linguistic concepts, although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept "syllable" is difficult to define in absolute terms. A syllable can be divided into three parts, that is, onset, nucleus, and coda, of which nucleus is a must. A syllable that has no coda is called an open syllable while a syllable with coda is called a closed syllable. In English only long vowels and diphthongs can occur in open syllables. The onset may be empty or filled by a cluster of as many as three consonants, while the coda position may be filled as many as four consonants. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda. In some languages, syllables are always open, that is, they always end in a vowel, never a consonant. (Hawaiian) On the other hand, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha spoken as a single word begins in a glottal stop.) In other languages, syllables are always closed; they must end in a consonant (Navaho): Háá'ishah dididiljah. Let's build a fire. Táá diné 'ooljéé'go naaskai' Three men went to the moon. (Like Hawaiian, they must also begin in a consonant.
)
三． Stress
The nature of stress
The word stress is used differently by different authors, and the relationship between stress, emphasis, accent and prominence is also defined differently. Robins has defined it as 「a generic term for the relatively greater force exerted in the articulation of part of utterance」. The nature of stress is simple enough—practically everyone would agree that the first syllable of words like「father」, 「open」 is stressed, that the middle syllable is stressed in 「potato」, 「apartment」 and the final syllable is stressed in 「about」, 「perhaps」, and most people feel they have some sort of idea of what the difference is between stressed and unstressed syllables, though they might explain it in many different ways.
The proction of stress is generally believed to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used for unstressed syllables. From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllables have one characteristic in common, and that is 「prominence」. Roach has manifested that at least four different factors are important to make a syllable prominent:
i) Loudness: Most people seem to feel that stressed syllables are louder than unstressed ones; in other words, loudness is a component of prominence.
ii) Length: The length of syllables has an important part to play in prominence; the syllables which are made longer than the others will be heard as stressed.
iii) Pitch: Pitch in speech is closely related to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds and to the musical notion of low-pitched and high-pitched notes; if one syllable is said with a pitch that is noticeably different from that of the others, this will have a strong tendency to proce the effect of prominence.
iv) Quality: a syllable will tend to be prominent if it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels.
Languages differ in how they use stress.
1) In some languages, each syllable is equally stressed or unstressed，as in Cambodian
2) the syllable in each word is more stressed.
The place of stress is fixed on a certain syllable:
1) initial. Finnish, Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages
2) penultimate. Polish,
3) final. French.
4) Complex set of rules. In Bulgarian nouns and verbs have separate sets of rules for stress placement. Hopi (phonetic: first syllable of a two syllable word: síkwi meat; in words of three or more syllables, accent falls on the first long vowel: máamatsi to recognize; or on the first short vowel before a consonant cluster: péntani to write; otherwise it falls on the next to last syllable: wunúvtu stand up)
The place of stress is random.
1) In Russian the stress is completely random: xoroshó, xoróshi.
2) In English the stress is more predictable but still random. Usually a middle syllable of a longer word receives the stress. In two syllable words stress is rando and often renders differences in meaning: project/to project, proce/proce, and insult/ to insult.
Some languages have more than one stress per word: English is such a language. In English, words of four syllables or more have a primary and a secondary stress. Some English compounds have phrasal stress on the first element of the compound. Phrasal stress often distinguishes meaning in adjective/noun combinations.
Sentence stress in English
According to He Shanfen (1992), English sentence stress has two main functions:
⑴ to indicate the important words in the sentence; ⑵ to serve as the basis for the rhythmic structure of the sentence.
Consequently, in connected English speech, sentence stress usually falls on content ( or lexical) words, which carry the basic meaning of a sentence, e.g. nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc. Those which are usually unstressed in sentences are form (or structural) words, which show grammatical relationships, such as articles, auxiliary and modal verbs, monosyllabic prepositions, etc.

❻ 好心人幫忙寫一篇關於 英語語言學 的論文（英語）。

How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third Edition
To be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard either.

Before you start to learn sentences, or new words, the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation". To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and practise. This is the fundamental step to learn English, ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more difficult. If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation, you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right track.

After mastering the pronunciation perfectly, it is the time to accumulate new words and useful expressions. Of course start from the simplest words like 「, hi, you, me, he, him, his, her」, etc.... and expressions like 「how are you, how old are you, how do you do」, etc.......... It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them well. Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary school.

*************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in China. *******************

Speaking:

In China, you won't have enough chances to speak English. What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the textbooks. The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape, and then being able to read aloud
the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the tape. By doing this, it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and grammar.

Listening:

Nowadays it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in English. The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own, hence ideal for listening and expression/words accumulations.

Writing:

It is also very useful to write diaries. On writing diaries, it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and spelling. When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences (e.g. remove repetitive words, use better expressions, and sort out the structure of the sentences).

Reading:

It is also very important to read story books in English, starting from thin ones with not many new words. Read as many thin books as you possibly can. Little by Little you will want to read thicker books, and your reading ability will get even better.

Putting four elements together:

I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading, listening, writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole, apply the new words you learn from watching TV, reading books to your writing and speaking.

The enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad):

In China, you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral English. If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak English.

On Spoken English, attitude is very important. You need to be very keen and you must not be shy. Never be afraid to make mistakes. Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you significantly.

You can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad, the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my English.

My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years, because I talk in English most of the time. Having some international friends is particularly useful indeed.

Summing up the activities:

I have also been watching TV too. The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news, football, dramas, documentaries etc.... Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words, good expressions and practise sentence structuring.

*****Now, I have finished talking about how to learn and improve General English.

It is the time to switch to "Your Major in English" *******************************

Knowing general English on its own is not going to be sufficient for most people. Skills are as important as mastering another language. General English helps people to communicate with each other in their lives. Technical English helps you to take on challenges to change the world for the highest, to earn money for your living for the lower.

Some people who have a degree in English go abroad to learn something different but heavily based on the language such as Media study, Journalist, History, Ecation or even a bit more technical like Finance, Business Administration or Economics.

It is extremely useful to know more because there are so many words in English and they appear differently to each other. For people whose second language is English, will find it difficult to guess the meaning of a new word.

For sure, it is not possible to know everything.

Pick a major first and put all your effort on that major, in the end you will have a rich vocabulary of that field.

Difficulties on learning Technical English:

To master technical English in your area of study, there are two difficulties to overcome.

1, the language, because it is not your first language, you need to remember the terms, knowing how to pronounce it and spell it.

2, surely you need to understand the terms in a technical fashion.

No matter what field, it is going to be the same; the two difficulties above must be conquered.

Here I take Physics as an example (note that whatever field you are looking into is going to be similar):

The term "momentum" is basically the proct of the mass of the object and the velocity it travels. Obviously, you need to understand mass and velocity as well. If you understand mass and velocity, then you get the explanation of the term "momentum" in physics, then you are most likely to understand the word and use it properly in the technical world of Physics. From this example, you can see how to understand a technical word in a technical fashion: you need to understand the very fundamental knowledge of a field to be able to understand more complex terminologies or theories.

Before learning technical English in your field of study, I have a good recommendation to save your time:

To understand technical knowledge in your first language (Chinese), then you might not have the second difficulty.

What it left to overcome is just the first difficulty (the language), hence the effort required is less.

I can give you an example of my own:

When I was learning chemistry at A-level, I had already learnt inorganic chemistry at the equivalent level in China, so I had no difficulty whatsoever in learning inorganic chemistry in the UK in English.

But I had not learnt organic chemistry in China, and I was struggling significantly in learning organic chemistry in the UK e to al difficulties.

************OK, I have finished talking about how to improve your technical English.

Now i will talk about IT (Information Technology), why is this important? Because nowadays it is the information age, you need to know computers, Internet, media and communications etc. Knowing how to use Internet to search information will help your English. ************

I don't want to waffle too much on this. Computers are more and more important nowadays, everyone wants a computer and most people have their own computers. But most people are not using the right Operating System for learning English. Now I would like to introce you to Debian Linux Operating system or a much nicer operating system called Ubuntu Linux. If you still don't have a computer you can buy a China's home grown computer based on a Loongson CPU. It saves your electricity and your time to deal with viruses.

Linux will help you to improve your English skills because you need to read some documents and follow the instructions to set up software programs, it also requires you to search the Internet (Google for example) to find the answers to your problems (e.g. installations of software programs)

you can read about the commands of Linux in the terminal by putting in "man <instructions>" , so then you can read it and try to understand the content which will enable you to carry out the right operations. The whole process of Reading, Understanding and deploying will improve your English.

When you install, do remember to install it as a UK English version.

(Note that this IT section is more for people who take Science and Engineering courses)

**********************************************************************

Final words

It is the time to end this long talk on improving English.

How good your English will be will heavily depend on how good your first language is.

So when you go back to China for holidays, you should read as much as you can in Chinese because this will also help your English in a greater depth.

*********************************************************************

Please note that the above is my own experience, it might not apply to you completely since your learning style could be different. Please take the advice which is right for you. I would regret deeply if my experience damaged your learning or wasted your time. Please look at it sensibly.

This is the third edition of 「How to improve your English in full detail (my experience)」, I have made some corrections and changes to the second edition, and I hope that this is useful to you. I wish you all the best!
你應該會用得著

❼ 關於英語語言學的論文

關於英語語言學的論文，論文題目和主要內容已列出，供參考。鏈接附後
1.題目：語言學英文版論文。
主要內容：該論文主要講詞彙是構成語言的基本單位，詞彙習得在語言學習中佔有重要地位。英國著名語言學家D.A. Wilkins (1972) 說過：「沒有語法，人們不能表達很多東西；而沒有詞彙，人們則無法表達任何東西。」這就說明了詞彙在學習中的重要性。本文旨在分析二語詞彙習得策略並應用於不同水平的學習者。學習者根據自己的水平選擇正確的習得方法和策略學習詞彙，從而提高學習效率和習得效果。
http://wenku..com/link?url=SXkEsiMcpfqhM3IdT5ZZ97aNTmwfO__matYEwCRT0EMxynK7D_vYN7D59Og5G
2.題目：.英語專業畢業論文(語言學)——談判英語文化差異。
主要內容：該論文主要講國際商務談判中文化差異的影響，就是漢語習慣思維和西方語言文化之間表達的准確性對商務談判帶來的影響。
http://wenku..com/view/ef2d20e09b89680203d825be.html
4.題目：外國語言學及應用語言學碩士論文：商務英語信函的詞彙特點研究，
主要內容：
商務英語信函詞彙的選擇和應用多呈現如下7種特點：
1)簡單詞彙的選擇。
2)具體詞彙多於籠統詞彙。
3)褒義詞多於貶義詞。
4)縮寫詞的選擇。
5)確切詞彙多於模糊詞彙。
6)禮貌、客氣的詞彙多於不禮貌的詞彙。
7)商業術語的選擇。產生的原因多取決於商務活動的和商業夥伴的合作關系。商務活動的雙方均為達至雙贏的進行合作。這是本文所分析的詞彙特點產生的主要原因。
http://wenku..com/view/25dbb6f6f61fb7360b4c6525.html

❽ 求一篇英語語言學導論論文

❾ 求一個500字左右的關於英語語言學的英文小論文。不要復制的。

On suprasegmental features
Introction
So far we have
been talking about phonetic features as they apply to single phonetic segments,
or phones. Phonetic features can also apply to a string of several
sounds, such as a syllable, or an entire word or utterance. The study of
phonological features which applies to groups larger than the single segment,
are known as suprasegmental
features, such as the syllable or the word. The study of these features is known
as prosody. It mainly includes
syllable, stress, pitch, tone, and intonation. In this paper, I will talk about
the suprasegmental features in
great detail.
Key words: phonetic, suprasegmental.

Syllable
The most obvious prosodic feature in language
is the syllable. Let's briefly discuss the notion of syllables. Like all of our other basic linguistic concepts,
although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept "syllable" is
difficult to define in absolute terms. A syllable can be divided into three
parts, that is, onset, nucleus, and coda, of which nucleus is a must. A
syllable that has no coda is called an open syllable while a syllable with coda
is called a closed syllable. In English only long vowels and diphthongs can
occur in open syllables. The onset may be empty or filled by a cluster of as
many as three consonants, while the coda position may be filled as many as four
consonants. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as
to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda.
In some languages, syllables are always open,
that is, they always end in a vowel, never a consonant. (Hawaiian)
On the other hand, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha spoken as a single word begins
in a glottal stop.) In other languages, syllables are always closed; they must
end in a consonant (Navaho): Háá'ishah dididiljah. Let's build a fire. Táá diné 'ooljéé'go naaskai' Three men went to the moon. (Like
Hawaiian, they must also begin in a consonant.
)
Stress
The nature of stress
The word stress is used differently by
different authors, and the relationship between stress, emphasis, accent and
prominence is also defined differently. Robins has defined it as 「a generic
term for the relatively greater force exerted in the articulation of part of
utterance」. The nature of stress is simple enough— everyone would
agree that the first syllable of words like「father」, 「open」 is stressed, that
the middle syllable is stressed in 「potato」, 「apartment」 and the final syllable
is stressed in 「about」, 「perhaps」, and most people feel they have some sort of
idea of what the difference is between stressed and unstressed syllables,
though they might explain it in many different ways.
The proction of stress is generally
believed to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used for
unstressed syllables. From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllables
have one characteristic in common, and that is 「prominence」. Roach has
manifested that at least four different factors are important to make a
syllable prominent:
i) Loudness: Most people seem to feel
that stressed syllables are louder than unstressed ones; in other words,
loudness is a component of prominence.
ii) Length: The length of syllables has
an important part to play in prominence; the syllables which are made longer
than the others will be heard as stressed.
iii) Pitch: Pitch in speech is closely
related to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds and to the musical
notion of low-pitched and high-pitched notes; if one syllable is said with a
pitch that is noticeably different from that of the others, this will have a
strong tendency to proce the effect of prominence.
iv) Quality: a syllable will tend to be prominentif it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels.
Languages differ in how they use stress.
1) In some languages, eachsyllable is equally stressed or unstressed，as in Cambodian
2) the syllable in eachword is more stressed.
The
place of stress is fixed on a
certain syllable:
1) initial. Finnish,Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages
2) penultimate. Polish,
3) final. French.
4) Complex set of
rules. In Bulgarian nouns and verbs have separate sets of rules for
stress placement. Hopi (phonetic: first syllable of a two syllable
word: síkwi meat; in
words of three or more syllables, accent falls on the first long vowel:
máamatsi to recognize; or on
the first short vowel before a consonant cluster: péntani to write; otherwise it falls on the
next to last syllable: wunúvtu stand
up)
The place of stress is random.
1) In Russian the stress iscompletely random: xoroshó, xoróshi.
2) In English the stress is
more predictable but still random. Usually a middle syllable of a longer
word receives the stress. In two syllable words stress is rando and often
renders differences in meaning: project/to
project, proce/proce, and insult/ to insult.
Some languages have more than one stress per
word: English is such a language. In English, words of four
syllables or more have a primary
and a secondary stress. Some
English compounds have phrasal stress on the first element of the
compound. Phrasal stress often distinguishes meaning in adjective/noun
combinations.
Sentence stress in English
According to He Shanfen (1992), Englishsentence stress has two main functions:
⑴ to indicate the important words in the
sentence; ⑵ to serve as the
basis for the rhythmic structure of the sentence.
Consequently, in connected English speech,
sentence stress usually falls on content ( or lexical) words, which carry the
basic meaning of a sentence, e.g. nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc. Those which
are usually unstressed in sentences are form (or structural) words, which show
grammatical relationships, such as articles, auxiliary and modal verbs,
monosyllabic prepositions, etc.
Pitch
Another prosodic feature is pitch, defined as the frequency of
vibration of vocal cords. Pitch is measured in hertzes. Physiologically, pitch tends to be higher in
woman than in men and higher before puberty than after puberty. Also, the
pitch of women's voices tends to lower with old age; the pitch of men's voices
tends to get higher with age. Despite these physiological, non-linguistic
universal, each language uses pitch distinctions for linguistically
meaningful purposes. Starting
from the lowest pitch on the initial syllable, the pitch of each subsequent
syllable raises until the word reaches the "peak". From that point,
pitch either remains at the same level for the remainder of the word or it
drops again. The choice between maintenance of high pitch or allowing it to
drop is a matter of formality: pitch is maintained in formal or careful speech,
but dropped in colloquial usage.
七．Conclusion
Being the most important part, suprasegmental features can not be despised in phonology research.
From the whole passage, we can understand that suprasegmental
features not only has its phonology significance, but also the practical
use as well. We can not say this person is a good language user just by his or
her vocabulary, as well as the grammar. Spoken language is also very useful. I
do hope that the paper will be sufficient to prove that suprasegmental features is an efficient way for our studies and encourage
more and more students to pay attention to using it.

Reference
【1】Cao
Jianfen. The Rhythm of Mandarin Chinese. Institute
of Linguistics of Chinese Academy
of Social Science. RPR-IL/CASS (2000-2002).
【2】Chen Ying.
2001. Contrastive Study of Suprasegmental Phonology in English and Chinese: a
Functional Perspective. MA: Southwest
China Normal
University.
【3】Chomsky,
N. & Halle,
M. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers.

❿ 英語語言學論文

語言學可以寫的內容很多。基本上不外乎以下一些：
一，語音類
如語音的屬性、音韻回與語答音的關系、強弱、輕濁、音節等
二，詞彙類
如詞彙形態學，語義學，構詞，詞化，語義場等等
三，語法類
如語法結構，層次，修辭等
四，句子類
如分析句子的各種成分，語序，基本句型等
五，語篇類
如連貫性，思維邏輯性，結構修辭，主體與客體意識等
這方面的教材很多，就看你的要求了。現在英語與漢語的對比語言學和對比文學比較熱，從這方面下手也不錯。